{"id":743,"date":"2019-12-24T04:04:15","date_gmt":"2019-12-24T04:04:15","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.liutianfeng.com\/?p=743"},"modified":"2019-12-30T09:57:14","modified_gmt":"2019-12-30T09:57:14","slug":"bash%e4%b8%ad%e6%96%87%e5%b8%ae%e5%8a%a9-man-for-bash-zh_cn","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.liutianfeng.com\/?p=743","title":{"rendered":"bash\u4e2d\u6587\u5e2e\u52a9 | Man for bash zh_CN"},"content":{"rendered":"<pre class=\"pure-highlightjs\"><code class=\"\">BASH(1) General Commands Manual BASH(1)\r\nNAME\r\nbash - GNU Bourne-Again SHell (GNU \u547d\u4ee4\u89e3\u91ca\u7a0b\u5e8f \u201cBourne\u4e8c\u4e16\u201d)\r\n\u6982\u8ff0(SYNOPSIS)\r\nbash [options] [file]\r\nBash is Copyright (C) 1989-2002 by the Free Software Foundation, Inc.\r\n\u63cf\u8ff0(DESCRIPTION)\r\nBash \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0e sh \u517c\u5bb9\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u89e3\u91ca\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6267\u884c\u4ece\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u6216\u8005\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u3002 Bash \u4e5f\u6574\u5408\u4e86 Korn \u548c C Shell (ksh \u548c csh) \u4e2d\u7684\u4f18\u79c0\u7279\u6027\u3002\r\nBash \u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u6210\u4e3a\u9075\u5faa IEEE POSIX Shell and Tools specification (IEEE Working Group 1003.2\uff0c\u53ef\u79fb\u690d\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u89c4\u7ea6\uff1a shell \u548c\u5de5\u5177) \u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\r\n\u9009\u9879(OPTIONS)\r\n\u9664\u4e86\u5728 set \u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u6587\u6863\u4e2d\u8bb2\u8ff0\u7684\u5355\u5b57\u7b26\u9009\u9879 (option) \u4e4b\u5916\uff0cbash \u5728\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u8fd8\u89e3\u91ca\u4e0b\u5217\u9009\u9879\u3002\r\n-c string \u5982\u679c\u6709 -c \u9009\u9879\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u547d\u4ee4\u5c06\u4ece string \u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6\u3002\u5982\u679c string \u540e\u9762\u6709\u53c2\u6570 (argument)\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5c06\u7528\u4e8e\u7ed9\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570 (positional parameter\uff0c\u4ee5 $0 \u8d77\u59cb) \u8d4b\u503c\u3002\r\n-i \u5982\u679c\u6709 -i \u9009\u9879\uff0cshell \u5c06\u4ea4\u4e92\u5730\u6267\u884c ( interactive )\u3002\r\n-l \u9009\u9879\u4f7f\u5f97 bash \u4ee5\u7c7b\u4f3c\u767b\u5f55 shell (login shell) \u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u542f\u52a8 (\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u7684 \u542f\u52a8(INVOCATION) \u7ae0\u8282)\u3002\r\n-r \u5982\u679c\u6709 -r \u9009\u9879\uff0cshell \u6210\u4e3a\u53d7\u9650\u7684 ( restricted ) (\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u7684 \u53d7\u9650\u7684shell(RESTRICTED SHELL) \u7ae0\u8282)\u3002\r\n-s \u5982\u679c\u6709 -s \u9009\u9879\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5982\u679c\u9009\u9879\u5904\u7406\u5b8c\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u53c2\u6570\u5269\u4f59\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u547d\u4ee4\u5c06\u4ece\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u8bfb\u53d6\u3002 \u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u5141\u8bb8\u5728\u542f\u52a8\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ea4\u4e92 shell \u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570\u3002\r\n-D \u5411\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u6253\u5370\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee5 $ \u4e3a\u524d\u5bfc\u7684\uff0c\u4ee5\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5217\u8868\u3002 \u8fd9\u662f\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u8bed\u8a00\u73af\u5883\u4e0d\u662f C \u6216 POSIX \u65f6\uff0c\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u9700\u8981\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002 \u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u9690\u542b\u4e86 -n \u9009\u9879\uff1b\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\r\n[-+]O [shopt_option]\r\nshopt_option \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a shopt \u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u9009\u9879 (\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u7684 shell \u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4(SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS) \u7ae0\u8282)\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u6709 shopt_option\uff0c-O \u5c06\u8bbe\u7f6e\u90a3\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u7684\u53d6\u503c\uff1b +O \u53d6\u6d88\u5b83\u3002\r\n\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed9\u51fa shopt_option\uff0cshopt \u5c06\u5728\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u4e0a\u6253\u5370\u8bbe\u4e3a\u5141\u8bb8\u7684\u9009\u9879\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u548c\u503c\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u542f\u52a8\u9009\u9879\u662f +O\uff0c\u8f93\u51fa\u5c06\u4ee5\u4e00\u79cd\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u7528\u4e3a\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\r\n-- -- \u6807\u5fd7\u9009\u9879\u7684\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u7981\u6b62\u5176\u4f59\u7684\u9009\u9879\u5904\u7406\u3002\u4efb\u4f55 -- \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u5c06\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u548c\u53c2\u6570\u5bf9\u5f85\u3002\u53c2\u6570 - \u4e0e\u6b64\u7b49\u4ef7\u3002\r\nBash \u4e5f\u89e3\u91ca\u4e00\u4e9b\u591a\u5b57\u8282\u7684\u9009\u9879\u3002\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9009\u9879\u5fc5\u987b\u7f6e\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u88ab\u8bc6\u522b\u7684\u5355\u5b57\u7b26\u53c2\u6570\u4e4b\u524d\u3002\r\n--dump-po-strings\r\n\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e -D\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8f93\u51fa\u662f GNU gettext po (\u53ef\u79fb\u690d\u5bf9\u8c61) \u6587\u4ef6\u683c\u5f0f\r\n--dump-strings\r\n\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e -D\r\n--help \u5728\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u663e\u793a\u7528\u6cd5\u4fe1\u606f\u5e76\u6210\u529f\u9000\u51fa\r\n--init-file file\r\n--rcfile file\r\n\u5982\u679c shell \u662f\u4ea4\u4e92\u7684\uff0c\u6267\u884c file \u4e2d\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6587\u4ef6 ~\/.bashrc (\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u7684 \u542f\u52a8(INVOCATION) \u7ae0\u8282)\r\n--login\r\n\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e -l\r\n--noediting\r\n\u5982\u679c shell \u662f\u4ea4\u4e92\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528 GNU readline \u5e93\u6765\u8bfb\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\r\n--noprofile\r\n\u4e0d\u8bfb\u53d6\u7cfb\u7edf\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u542f\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6 \/etc\/profile \u6216\u8005\u4efb\u4f55\u4e2a\u4eba\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6587\u4ef6 ~\/.bash_profile, ~\/.bash_login, \u6216 ~\/.profile \u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c bash \u5728\u4f5c\u4e3a\u767b\u5f55 shell \u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u8bfb\u53d6\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u4ef6\r\n(\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u7684 \u542f\u52a8(INVOCATION) \u7ae0\u8282)\r\n--norc \u5982\u679c shell \u662f\u4ea4\u4e92\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u8bfb\u53d6\/\u6267\u884c\u4e2a\u4eba\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6587\u4ef6 ~\/.bashrc \u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u5728 shell \u4ee5 sh \u547d\u4ee4\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u662f\u9ed8\u8ba4\u542f\u7528\u7684\r\n--posix\r\n\u5982\u679c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e0e POSIX 1003.2 \u6807\u51c6\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u6539\u53d8 bash \u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u6765\u7b26\u5408\u6807\u51c6 (posix mode)\r\n--restricted\r\nshell \u6210\u4e3a\u53d7\u9650\u7684 (\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u7684 \u53d7\u9650\u7684shell(RESTRICTED SHELL) \u7ae0\u8282)\r\n--rpm-requires\r\n\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3a\u4f7f\u811a\u672c\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5217\u8868\u3002 \u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u5305\u542b\u4e86 -n \u9009\u9879\u3002 \u5b83\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u8fdb\u884c\u7f16\u8bd1\u671f\u9519\u8bef\u68c0\u6d4b\u65f6\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff0d\uff0d Backticks, [] tests, \u8fd8\u6709 evals\r\n\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\u53ef\u80fd\u4e22\u5931\r\n--verbose\r\n\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e -v\r\n--version\r\n\u5728\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u663e\u793a\u6b64 bash \u7684\u7248\u672c\u4fe1\u606f\u5e76\u6210\u529f\u9000\u51fa\u3002\r\n\u53c2\u6570(ARGUMENTS)\r\n\u5982\u679c\u9009\u9879\u5904\u7406\u4e4b\u540e\u4ecd\u6709\u53c2\u6570\u5269\u4f59\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6ca1\u6709\u6307\u5b9a -c \u6216 -s \u9009\u9879\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u5c06\u5047\u5b9a\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u542b shell \u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u3002 \u5982\u679c bash \u662f\u4ee5\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u542f\u52a8\u7684\uff0c $0\r\n\u5c06\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u540d\u5b57\uff0c\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570\u5c06\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u5269\u4f59\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u53c2\u6570\u3002 Bash \u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6\u5e76\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u9000\u51fa\u3002 Bash \u7684\u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001\u662f\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u6267\u884c\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001\u3002\r\n\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001\u662f0\u3002 \u5c1d\u8bd5\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\u662f\u5148\u8bd5\u56fe\u6253\u5f00\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c \u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u627e\u5230\uff0cshell \u5c06\u641c\u7d22\u811a\u672c\u7684 PATH \u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u4e2d\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u3002\r\n\u542f\u52a8(INVOCATION)\r\nlogin shell \u767b\u5f55 shell\uff0c\u53c2\u6570\u96f6\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u662f - \uff0c\u6216\u8005\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 --login \u9009\u9879\u7684 shell\u3002\r\ninteractive \u4ea4\u4e92\u7684 shell\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u6ca1\u6709\u6307\u5b9a\u975e\u9009\u9879\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6ca1\u6709\u6307\u5b9a -c \u9009\u9879\uff0c\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u548c\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u90fd\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u4e86\u7ec8\u7aef (\u5728 isatty(3) \u4e2d\u5224\u5b9a) \u7684shell\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 -i \u9009\u9879\u7684\r\nshell\u3002\u5982\u679c bash \u662f\u4ea4\u4e92\u7684\uff0c PS1 \u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u5c06\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14 $- \u5305\u542b i \uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u4e00\u4e2a shell \u811a\u672c\u6216\u8005\u4e00\u4e2a\u542f\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\u6765\u68c0\u6d4b\u8fd9\u4e00\u72b6\u6001\u3002\r\n\u4e0b\u5217\u6bb5\u843d\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86 bash \u5982\u4f55\u6267\u884c\u5b83\u7684\u542f\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u542f\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u4efb\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b58\u5728\u4f46\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u8bfb\u53d6\uff0c bash \u5c06\u62a5\u544a\u4e00\u4e2a\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u4e2d\u7684\u6ce2\u6d6a\u53f7 (~,tilde) \u5c06\u50cf EXPANSION \u7ae0\u8282\u4e2d Tilde Expansion\r\n\u6bb5\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u90a3\u6837\u5c55\u5f00\u3002\r\n\u5f53 bash \u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4ea4\u4e92\u7684\u767b\u5f55 shell \u542f\u52a8\u7684\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u4ea4\u4e92\u7684 shell \u4f46\u662f\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 --login \u9009\u9879\uff0c \u5b83\u9996\u5148\u8bfb\u53d6\u5e76\u6267\u884c \/etc\/profile \u4e2d\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u90a3\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u5b58\u5728\u3002\r\n\u8bfb\u53d6\u90a3\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5b83\u4ee5\u5982\u4e0b\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u67e5\u627e ~\/.bash_profile, ~\/.bash_login, \u548c ~\/.profile, \u4ece\u5b58\u5728\u5e76\u4e14\u53ef\u8bfb\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6\u5e76\u6267\u884c\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u3002 --noprofile \u9009\u9879\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u5728 shell\r\n\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u963b\u6b62\u5b83\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u3002\r\n\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u767b\u5f55 shell \u9000\u51fa\u65f6\uff0c bash \u8bfb\u53d6\u5e76\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6 ~\/.bash_logout \u4e2d\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u5b83\u5b58\u5728\u3002\r\n\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ea4\u4e92\u7684 shell \u4f46\u4e0d\u662f\u767b\u5f55 shell \u542f\u52a8\u65f6\uff0c bash \u4ece\u6587\u4ef6 ~\/.bashrc \u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6\u5e76\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u5b83\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528 --norc \u9009\u9879\u6765\u963b\u6b62\u5b83\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u3002 --rcfile file \u9009\u9879\u5c06\u5f3a\u5236 bash \u8bfb\u53d6\u5e76\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\r\nfile \u4e2d\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f ~\/.bashrc \u4e2d\u7684\u3002\r\n\u5f53 bash \u4ee5\u975e\u4ea4\u4e92\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u4e00\u4e2a shell \u811a\u672c\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u5728\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u53d8\u91cf BASH_ENV \uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5b83\u5b58\u5728\u5219\u5c06\u5b83\u7684\u503c\u5c55\u5f00\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u5c55\u5f00\u7684\u503c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u540d\u79f0\uff0c\u8bfb\u53d6\u5e76\u6267\u884c\u3002 Bash\r\n\u8fd0\u4f5c\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5c31\u5982\u540c\u6267\u884c\u4e86\u4e0b\u5217\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a\r\nif [ -n \"$BASH_ENV\" ]; then . \"$BASH_ENV\"; fi\r\n\u4f46\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u4f7f\u7528 PATH \u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u6765\u641c\u7d22\u90a3\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u3002\r\n\u5982\u679c bash \u4ee5\u540d\u79f0 sh \u542f\u52a8\uff0c\u5b83\u8bd5\u56fe\u6a21\u4eff (mimic) sh \u5386\u53f2\u7248\u672c\u7684\u542f\u52a8\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u5730\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u9075\u5faa POSIX \u6807\u51c6\u3002 \u5f53\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u767b\u5f55 shell \u542f\u52a8\u65f6,\u6216\u8005\u662f\u975e\u4ea4\u4e92\u4f46\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86 --login \u9009\u9879\r\n\u542f\u52a8\u7684\u65f6\u5019,\u5b83\u9996\u5148\u5c1d\u8bd5\u8bfb\u53d6\u5e76\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6 \/etc\/profile \u548c ~\/.profile, \u4e2d\u7684\u547d\u4ee4. \u9009\u9879 --noprofile \u7528\u4e8e\u907f\u514d\u8fd9\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a.\u5f53\u4f7f\u7528\u547d\u4ee4 sh \u6765\u542f\u52a8\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u7684 shell \u65f6, bash \u67e5\u627e\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf ENV,\r\n\u5982\u679c\u6709\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u8bdd\u5c31\u6269\u5c55\u5b83\u7684\u503c,\u7136\u540e\u4f7f\u7528\u6269\u5c55\u540e\u7684\u503c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8981\u8bfb\u53d6\u548c\u6267\u884c\u7684\u6587\u4ef6 \u7684\u540d\u79f0.\u7531\u4e8e\u4f7f\u7528 sh \u542f\u52a8\u7684 shell \u4e0d\u4f1a\u8bfb\u53d6\u548c\u6267\u884c\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u542f\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6,\u9009\u9879 --rcfile \u6ca1\u6709\u610f\u4e49.\u4f7f\u7528\u540d\u79f0 sh\r\n\u542f\u52a8\u7684\u975e\u4ea4\u4e92\u7684 shell \u4e0d\u4f1a\u8bfb\u53d6\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u4ed6\u542f\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6.\u5f53\u4ee5 sh \u542f\u52a8\u65f6, bash \u5728\u8bfb\u53d6\u542f\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\u4e4b\u540e\u8fdb\u5165 posix \u6a21\u5f0f.\r\n\u5f53 bash \u4ee5 posix \u6a21\u5f0f\u542f\u52a8\u65f6,(\u548c\u4f7f\u7528 --posix \u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u6548\u679c\u76f8\u540c),\u5b83\u9075\u5faa POSIX \u6807\u51c6. \u8fd9\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b,\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f shell \u6269\u5c55 ENV \u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c,\u8bfb\u53d6\u5e76\u6267\u884c\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u540e\u503c\u4e3a\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6.\r\n\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8bfb\u53d6\u5176\u4ed6\u6587\u4ef6.\r\nBash \u8bd5\u7740\u68c0\u6d4b\u5b83\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u7531\u8fdc\u7a0b shell \u5b88\u62a4\u7a0b\u5e8f,\u901a\u5e38\u4e3a rshd \u542f\u52a8\u7684.\u5982\u679c bash \u53d1\u73b0\u5b83\u662f\u7531 rshd \u542f\u52a8\u7684,\u5b83\u5c06\u8bfb\u53d6\u5e76\u6267\u884c ~\/.bashrc \u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u547d\u4ee4, \u53ea\u8981\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u5b58\u5728\u5e76\u4e14\u53ef\u8bfb.\u5982\u679c\u4ee5 sh\r\n\u547d\u4ee4\u542f\u52a8,\u5b83\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8fd9\u6837\u505a. \u9009\u9879 --norc \u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u963b\u6b62\u8fd9\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a,\u9009\u9879 --rcfile \u7528\u6765\u5f3a\u5236\u8bfb\u53d6\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6,\u4f46\u662f\u901a\u5e38 rshd \u4e0d\u4f1a\u5141\u8bb8\u5b83\u4eec, \u6216\u8005\u7528\u5b83\u4eec\u6765\u542f\u52a8 shell.\r\n\u5982\u679c shell \u662f\u4ee5\u4e0e\u771f\u5b9e\u7528\u6237(\u7ec4) id \u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6709\u6548\u7528\u6237(\u7ec4) id \u6765\u542f\u52a8\u7684, \u5e76\u4e14\u6ca1\u6709 - \u9009\u9879,\u90a3\u4e48\u5b83\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8bfb\u53d6\u542f\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6, \u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4ece\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u7ee7\u627f shell \u51fd\u6570. \u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u4e2d\u5982\u679c\u51fa\u73b0 SHELLOPTS\uff0c\r\n\u5b83\u5c06\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565.\u6709\u6548\u7528\u6237 id \u5c06\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u771f\u5b9e\u7528\u6237 id. \u5982\u679c\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86 -\r\n\u9009\u9879,\u90a3\u4e48\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u662f\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684, \u4f46\u662f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u91cd\u7f6e\u6709\u6548\u7528\u6237 id.\r\n\u5b9a\u4e49(DEFINITIONS)\r\n\u4e0b\u5217\u5b9a\u4e49\u5728\u6587\u6863\u4f59\u4e0b\u90e8\u5206\u4e2d\u901a\u7528.\r\nblank \u7a7a\u767d\r\n\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u683c\u6216\u662f tab .\r\nword \u8bcd\r\n\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u5e8f\u5217, shell \u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ed3\u6784\u5355\u5143. \u4e5f\u79f0\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a token\u7247\u6bb5\u3002\r\nname \u540d\u79f0\r\n\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ea\u7531\u5b57\u6bcd,\u6570\u5b57\u548c\u4e0b\u5212\u7ebf\u6784\u6210\u7684\u8bcd,\u5e76\u4e14\u4ee5\u5b57\u7b26\u6216\u4e0b\u5212\u7ebf\u8d77\u59cb. \u4e5f\u79f0\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a word identifier\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26.\r\nmetacharacter \u5143\u5b57\u7b26\r\n\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26, \u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u662f\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u8bdd, \u5c06\u6210\u4e3a\u8bcd\u7684\u5206\u9694\u7b26. \u5b83\u662f\u5982\u4e0b\u5b57\u7b26\u4e4b\u4e00:\r\n| &amp; ; ( ) &lt; &gt; space tab\r\ncontrol operator \u63a7\u5236\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\r\n\u4e00\u4e2a token(\u6807\u8bc6), \u62e5\u6709\u63a7\u5236\u529f\u80fd. \u5b83\u662f\u5982\u4e0b\u7b26\u53f7\u4e4b\u4e00:\r\n|| &amp; &amp;&amp; ; ;; ( ) | &lt;newline&gt;\r\n\u4fdd\u7559\u5b57(\"RESERVED WORDS\")\r\nReserved words(\u4fdd\u7559\u5b57) \u662f\u5bf9 shell \u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u8bcd. \u4e0b\u5217\u8bcd\u88ab\u8bc6\u522b\u4e3a\u4fdd\u7559\u7684, \u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u662f\u5f15\u7528, \u5e76\u4e14\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u8bcd (\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u7684 shell\u8bed\u6cd5(\"SHELL GRAMMAR\") ), \u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f case \u6216\u8005\r\nfor \u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u8bcd:\r\n! case do done elif else esac fi for function if in select then until while { } time [[ ]]\r\nshell\u8bed\u6cd5(\"SHELL GRAMMAR\")\r\nSimple Commands \u7b80\u5355\u547d\u4ee4\r\nsimple command(\u7b80\u5355\u547d\u4ee4) \u662f(\u53ef\u9009\u7684)\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u53d8\u91cf\u8d4b\u503c, \u7d27\u63a5\u7740\u662f blank(\u7a7a\u683c) \u5206\u9694\u7684\u8bcd\u548c\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411, \u7136\u540e\u4ee5\u4e00\u4e2a control operator \u7ed3\u675f. \u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bcd\u6307\u660e\u4e86\u8981\u6267\u884c\u7684\u547d\u4ee4, \u5b83\u88ab\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7b2c 0 \u4e2a\u53c2\u6570.\r\n\u5176\u4f59\u8bcd\u88ab\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u53c2\u6570.\r\nsimple command \u7b80\u5355\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u662f\u5b83\u7684\u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001, \u6216\u662f 128+n, \u5982\u679c\u547d\u4ee4\u88ab signal(\u4fe1\u53f7) n \u7ed3\u675f\u7684\u8bdd.\r\nPipelines \u7ba1\u9053\r\npipeline(\u7ba1\u9053) \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\uff0c\u7528\u5b57\u7b26 | \u5206\u9694\u3002\u7ba1\u9053\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u662f\u8fd9\u6837:\r\n[time [-p]] [ ! ] command [ | command2 ... ]\r\n\u547d\u4ee4 command \u7684\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u901a\u8fc7\u7ba1\u9053\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u547d\u4ee4 command2 \u7684\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u3002\u8fde\u63a5\u662f\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u4e4b\u524d\u8fdb\u884c\u7684(\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u7684 REDIRECTION \u91cd\u5b9a\u5411)\u3002\r\n\u5982\u679c\u4fdd\u7559\u5b57 ! \u4f5c\u4e3a\u7ba1\u9053\u524d\u7f00\uff0c\u7ba1\u9053\u7684\u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001\u5c06\u662f\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u975e\u503c\u3002 \u5426\u5219\uff0c\u7ba1\u9053\u7684\u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001\u5c31\u662f\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u3002 shell \u5728\u8fd4\u56de\u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001\u503c\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u7b49\u5f85\u7ba1\u9053\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u547d\u4ee4\u8fd4\u56de\u3002\r\n\u5982\u679c\u4fdd\u7559\u5b57 time \u4f5c\u4e3a\u7ba1\u9053\u524d\u7f00\uff0c\u7ba1\u9053\u4e2d\u6b62\u540e\u5c06\u7ed9\u51fa\u6267\u884c\u7ba1\u9053\u8017\u8d39\u7684\u7528\u6237\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u65f6\u95f4\u3002 \u9009\u9879 -p \u5c06\u4f7f\u8f93\u51fa\u7b26\u5408 POSIX \u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u3002 \u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf TIMEFORMAT\r\n\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u683c\u5f0f\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u6307\u5b9a\u65f6\u95f4\u4fe1\u606f\u5e94\u5f53\u5982\u4f55\u663e\u793a\uff1b\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u7684 Shell Variables \u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf \u4e2d TIMEFORMAT \u7684\u8bb2\u8ff0\u3002\r\n\u7ba1\u9053\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u90fd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6765\u6267\u884c(\u5373\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50 shell \u4e2d\u542f\u52a8)\u3002\r\nLists \u5e8f\u5217\r\nlist(\u5e8f\u5217)\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u7ba1\u9053\uff0c\u7528\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26 ;, &amp;, &amp;&amp;, \u6216 \u23aa\u23aa \u5206\u9694\u7684\u5e8f\u5217, \u5e76\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u7528 ;, &amp;, \u6216 &lt;newline&gt;\u65b0\u884c\u7b26\u7ed3\u675f.\r\n\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e8f\u5217\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u4e2d\uff0c &amp;&amp; \u548c \u23aa\u23aa \u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u5176\u6b21\u662f ; \u548c &amp;, \u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u662f\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u3002\r\n\u5e8f\u5217\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u65b0\u884c\u7b26\u6765\u5206\u9694\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u5206\u53f7\u5206\u9694\u3002\r\n\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u662f\u7531\u63a7\u5236\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26 &amp; \u7ed3\u675f\u7684, shell \u5c06\u5728\u540e\u53f0\u7684\u5b50 shell \u4e2d\u6267\u884c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u3002 shell \u4e0d\u4f1a\u7b49\u5f85\u547d\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u72b6\u6001\u603b\u662f 0\u3002\u4ee5\u5206\u53f7 ; \u5206\u9694\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u88ab\u987a\u5e8f\u6267\u884c\uff1bshell\r\n\u4f1a\u7b49\u5f85\u6bcf\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u4f9d\u6b21\u7ed3\u675f\u3002\u8fd4\u56de\u72b6\u6001\u662f\u6700\u540e\u6267\u884c\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u72b6\u6001\u3002\r\n\u63a7\u5236\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26 &amp;&amp; \u548c \u23aa\u23aa \u5206\u522b\u4ee3\u8868 AND \u548c OR \u5e8f\u5217\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a AND \u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u662f\r\ncommand1 &amp;&amp; command2\r\ncommand2 \u53ea\u6709\u5728 command1 \u8fd4\u56de 0 \u65f6\u624d\u88ab\u6267\u884c\u3002\r\n\u4e00\u4e2a OR \u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u662f\r\ncommand1 \u23aa\u23aa command2\r\ncommand2 \u53ea\u6709\u5728 command1 \u8fd4\u56de\u975e 0 \u72b6\u6001\u65f6\u624d\u88ab\u6267\u884c\u3002AND \u548c OR \u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u72b6\u6001\u662f\u5e8f\u5217\u4e2d\u6700\u540e\u6267\u884c\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u72b6\u6001\u3002\r\nCompound Commands \u590d\u5408\u547d\u4ee4\r\ncompound command(\u590d\u5408\u547d\u4ee4) \u662f\u5982\u4e0b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e4b\u4e00\uff1a\r\n(list) list \u5e8f\u5217\u5c06\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50 shell \u4e2d\u6267\u884c\u3002\u53d8\u91cf\u8d4b\u503c\u548c\u5f71\u54cd shell \u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\u4e0d\u4f1a\u518d\u8d77\u4f5c\u7528\u3002 \u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u662f\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u3002\r\n{ list; }\r\nlist \u5e8f\u5217\u5c06\u5728\u5f53\u524d shell \u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u6267\u884c\u3002\u5e8f\u5217\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u884c\u7b26\u6216\u5206\u53f7\u7ed3\u675f\u3002 \u8fd9\u79cd\u505a\u6cd5\u4e5f\u79f0\u4e3a group command(\u547d\u4ee4\u7ec4)\u3002\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u662f\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\u4e0e\u5143\u5b57\u7b26 ( \u548c \u4e0d\u540c\uff0c { \u548c } \u662f\r\nreserved words(\u4fdd\u7559\u5b57)\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u80fd\u591f\u8bc6\u522b\u4fdd\u7559\u5b57\u7684\u573a\u5408\u3002 \u7531\u4e8e\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u65ad\u8bcd(cause a word break)\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u548c\u5e8f\u5217\u4e4b\u95f4\u5fc5\u987b\u7528\u7a7a\u683c\u5206\u5f00\u3002\r\n((expression))\r\n\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f expression \u5c06\u88ab\u6c42\u503c\u3002\u6c42\u503c\u89c4\u5219\u5728\u4e0b\u9762\u7684 \u7b97\u672f\u6c42\u503c (ARITHMETIC EVALUATION) \u7ae0\u8282\u4e2d\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7684\u503c\u975e\u96f6\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u5c31\u662f 0\uff1b\u5426\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u662f 1\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u505a\u6cd5\u548c let \"expression\"\r\n\u7b49\u4ef7\u3002\r\n[[ expression ]]\r\n\u8fd4\u56de 0 \u6216 1\uff0c\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u6761\u4ef6\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f expression \u6c42\u503c\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002 \u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u662f\u7531\u4e0b\u9762 CONDITIONAL EXPRESSIONS \u6761\u4ef6\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f \u7ae0\u8282\u4e2d\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u539f\u8bed(primaries) \u7ec4\u6210\u3002 [[ \u548c ]]\r\n\u4e2d\u7684\u8bcd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8fdb\u884c\u8bcd\u7684\u62c6\u5206\u548c\u8def\u5f84\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u5904\u7406\uff1b \u800ctilde \u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u53c2\u6570\u548c\u53d8\u91cf\u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u7b97\u672f\u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u547d\u4ee4\u66ff\u6362\uff0c\u51fd\u6570\u66ff\u6362\u548c\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u53bb\u9664\u5219\u90fd\u5c06\u8fdb\u884c\u3002\r\n\u5f53\u4f7f\u7528 == \u548c != \u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u65f6\uff0c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u53f3\u8fb9\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u4e0b\u9762 Pattern Matching(\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d) \u7ae0\u8282\u4e2d\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u8fdb\u884c\u5339\u914d\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u5339\u914d\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u662f 0\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\r\n1\u3002\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u90e8\u5206\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u5f15\u7528\uff0c\u5f3a\u5236\u4f7f\u5b83\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u800c\u88ab\u5339\u914d\u3002\r\n\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e0b\u5217\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u7ed3\u5408\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u6839\u636e\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u7684\u964d\u5e8f\u5217\u51fa\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a\r\n( expression )\r\n\u8fd4\u56de\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f expression \u7684\u503c\u3002\u62ec\u53f7\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u63d0\u5347\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u3002\r\n! expression\r\n\u8fd4\u56de\u771f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f expression \u8fd4\u56de\u5047\u3002\r\nexpression1 &amp;&amp; expression2\r\n\u8fd4\u56de\u771f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f expression1 \u548c expression2 \u90fd\u8fd4\u56de\u771f\u3002\r\nexpression1 || expression2\r\n\u8fd4\u56de\u771f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f expression1 \u6216\u8005 expression2 \u4e8c\u8005\u4e4b\u4e00\u8fd4\u56de\u771f\u3002\r\n&amp;&amp;(\u4e0e) \u548c || \u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5bf9\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f expression2 \u6c42\u503c\uff0c\u5982\u679c expression1 \u53ef\u4ee5\u51b3\u5b9a\u6574\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u7684\u8bdd\u3002\r\nfor name [ in word ] ; do list ; done\r\nin \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u8bcd\u4f1a\u88ab\u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9879\u76ee\u5217\u8868\u3002\u53d8\u91cf name \u88ab\u4f9d\u6b21\u8d4b\u4ee5\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\uff0c \u5e8f\u5217 list \u6bcf\u6b21\u90fd\u88ab\u6267\u884c\u3002\u5982\u679c in word \u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48 for \u547d\u4ee4\u904d\u5386\r\n\u5df2\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570(positional parameter\uff0c\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u7684 PARAMETERS \u53c2\u6570)\uff0c \u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u6b21\u5e8f\u5217 list\u3002 \u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u662f\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u3002\u5982\u679c in\r\n\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u8bcd\u6269\u5c55\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u7a7a\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u4efb\u4f55\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u662f 0\u3002\r\nfor (( expr1 ; expr2 ; expr3 )) ; do list ; done\r\n\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u7b97\u672f\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f expr1 \u88ab\u6839\u636e\u4e0b\u9762 \u7b97\u672f\u6c42\u503c (ARITHMETIC EVALUATION) \u4e2d\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u8fdb\u884c\u6c42\u503c\u3002 \u7136\u540e\u7b97\u672f\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f expr2 \u88ab\u5faa\u73af\u6c42\u503c\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u5b83\u7b49\u4e8e 0\u3002\u6bcf\u6b21 expr2 \u7ed3\u679c\u975e\u96f6\u65f6\uff0c\u5e8f\u5217 list\r\n\u90fd\u88ab\u6267\u884c\uff0c \u7b97\u672f\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f expr3 \u88ab\u6c42\u503c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4efb\u4f55\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\uff0c\u5c06\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u6267\u884c\u7ed3\u679c\u662f 1\u3002 \u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u662f\u5e8f\u5217 list \u4e2d\u88ab\u6267\u884c\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\uff1b\u6216\u8005\u662f false\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4efb\u4f55\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u975e\u6cd5\u7684\u8bdd\u3002\r\nselect name [ in word ] ; do list ; done\r\nin \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u8bcd\u4f1a\u88ab\u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9879\u76ee\u5217\u8868\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6269\u5c55\u540e\u7684\u8bcd\u96c6\u5408\u88ab\u8f93\u51fa\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u9519\u8bef\u4e0a\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u524d\u9762 \u52a0\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u3002\u5982\u679c in word \u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\uff0c\u5c06\u8f93\u51fa\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570 (\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u7684 PARAMETERS \u53c2\u6570\r\n\u7ae0\u8282)\u3002 PS3 \u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u5c06\u88ab\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u7b49\u5f85\u4ece\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u884c\u8f93\u5165\u3002\u5982\u679c \u8f93\u5165\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u4e14\u663e\u793a\u4e2d\u6709\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u8bcd\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u53d8\u91cf name\r\n\u7684\u503c\u5c06\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8f93\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u884c\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8bcd\u548c\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u5c06\u518d\u6b21\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8bfb\u5165\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a EOF\uff0c\u547d\u4ee4\u5c31\u7ed3\u675f\u3002 \u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u4ed6\u503c\u5c06\u8bbe\u7f6e\u53d8\u91cf name \u4e3a\u7a7a\u3002\u8bfb\u5165\u7684\u884c\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e3a\u53d8\u91cf REPLY. \u5e8f\u5217 list\r\n\u5728\u6bcf\u6b21\u9009\u62e9\u4e4b\u540e\u90fd\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u6267\u884c\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a break \u547d\u4ee4\u3002 select \u7684\u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001\u662f\u5e8f\u5217 list \u4e2d\u6267\u884c\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u5c31\u662f 0\u3002\r\ncase word in [ [(] pattern [ | pattern ] ... ) list ;; ] ... esac\r\ncase \u547d\u4ee4\u9996\u5148\u6269\u5c55 word, \u7136\u540e\u4f9d\u6b21\u8bd5\u7740\u7528\u6bcf\u4e2a pattern \u6765\u5339\u914d\u5b83\uff0c \u4f7f\u7528\u4e0e\u8def\u5f84\u6269\u5c55\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5339\u914d\u89c4\u5219(\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u7684 Pathname Expansion \u8def\u5f84\u6269\u5c55\r\n\u7ae0\u8282)\u3002\u5982\u679c\u627e\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u5339\u914d\uff0c\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\u5c06\u88ab\u6267\u884c\u3002\u627e\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u5339\u914d\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u518d\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5176\u540e\u7684\u5339\u914d\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u6a21\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5339\u914d\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u662f 0\u3002\u5426\u5219\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5e8f\u5217\u4e2d\u6700\u540e\u6267\u884c\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u3002\r\nif list; then list; [ elif list; then list; ] ... [ else list; ] fi\r\n\u5e8f\u5217 if list \u88ab\u6267\u884c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001\u662f 0\uff0cthen list \u5c06\u88ab\u6267\u884c\u3002\u5426\u5219\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a elif \u5c06\u88ab\u4e00\u6b21\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001\u662f 0\uff0c\u76f8\u5e94\u7684 then list \u5c06\u88ab\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u547d\u4ee4\u7ed3\u675f\u3002 \u5426\u5219\uff0celse list\r\n\u5c06\u88ab\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u8bdd\u3002 \u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001\u662f\u6700\u540e\u6267\u884c\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662f 0\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6240\u6709\u6761\u4ef6\u90fd\u4e0d\u6ee1\u8db3\u3002\r\nwhile list; do list; done\r\nuntil list; do list; done\r\nwhile \u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u6267\u884c\u5e8f\u5217 do list\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u5e8f\u5217\u4e2d\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u8fd4\u56de 0\u3002 until \u547d\u4ee4\u548c while \u547d\u4ee4\u7b49\u4ef7\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u5bf9\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6070\u597d\u76f8\u53cd\uff1b\u5e8f\u5217 do list\r\n\u6267\u884c\u76f4\u5230\u5e8f\u5217\u4e2d\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u8fd4\u56de\u975e\u96f6\u72b6\u6001\u503c\u3002 while \u548c until \u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001\u662f\u5e8f\u5217 do list \u4e2d\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001\uff0c \u6216\u8005\u662f 0\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u6267\u884c\u4efb\u4f55\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\r\n[ function ] name () { list; }\r\n\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3a name \u7684\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u51fd\u6570\u4f53 body \u662f\u5305\u542b\u5728 { \u548c } \u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u5e8f\u5217 list\u3002 \u5728\u6307\u5b9a\u5c06 name \u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u573a\u5408\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5e8f\u5217\u5c06\u88ab\u6267\u884c\u3002\r\n\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001\u662f\u51fd\u6570\u4f53\u6700\u540e\u6267\u884c\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001(\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u7684 FUNCTIONS \u51fd\u6570 \u7ae0\u8282)\u3002\r\n\u6ce8\u91ca(COMMENTS)\r\n\u5728\u975e\u4ea4\u4e92\u7684 shell \u4e2d\u6216\u8005\u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4 shopt \u542f\u7528\u4e86 interactive_comments \u9009\u9879\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u7684 shell \u4e2d\uff0c\u4ee5 # \u8d77\u59cb\u7684\u8bcd\u4f7f\u5f97\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u548c\u6240\u6709\u540c\u4e00\u884c\u4e0a\u6240\u6709\u5269\u4f59\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u90fd\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u542f\u7528\r\ninteractive_comments \u9009\u9879\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f shell \u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u51fa\u73b0\u6ce8\u91ca\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u5728\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f shell \u4e2d\u662f\u9ed8\u8ba4\u542f\u7528\u7684 (\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u7684 shell \u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4(SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS) \u7ae0\u8282)\u3002\r\n\u5f15\u7528(QUOTING)\r\n\u5f15\u7528 Quoting \u7528\u6765\u53bb\u6389\u7279\u5b9a\u5b57\u7b26\u6216\u8bcd\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u5f15\u7528\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u7981\u6b62\u5bf9\u7279\u6b8a\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u5904\u7406\uff0c \u963b\u6b62\u4fdd\u7559\u5b57\u88ab\u8bc6\u522b\uff0c\u8fd8\u7528\u6765\u963b\u6b62\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u3002\r\n\u4e0a\u9762\u5728 DEFINITIONS \u5b9a\u4e49 \u4e2d\u5217\u51fa\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5143\u5b57\u7b26 metacharacters \u5bf9\u4e8e shell \u90fd\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8981\u8868\u8fbe\u5b83\u7684\u672c\u4e49\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5f15\u7528\u5b83\u3002\r\n\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5386\u53f2\u6269\u5c55\u529f\u80fd\u65f6\uff0chistory expansion \u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u662f !\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u88ab\u5f15\u7528\uff0c\u624d\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8fdb\u884c\u5386\u53f2\u6269\u5c55\u3002\r\n\u6709\u4e09\u79cd\u5f15\u7528\u673a\u5236\uff1a\u8f6c\u4e49\u5b57\u7b26 (escape character), \u5355\u5f15\u53f7\u548c\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u3002\r\n\u4e00\u4e2a\u672a\u88ab\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u6760 (\\) \u662f\u8f6c\u4e49\u5b57\u7b26 escape character\u3002 \u5b83\u4fdd\u7559\u5176\u540e\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u5b57\u9762\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u90a3\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u884c\u7b26\u3002 \u5982\u679c \\ \u548c\u65b0\u884c\u7b26\u6210\u5bf9\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53cd\u659c\u6760\u81ea\u8eab\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u5f15\u7528\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48 \\&lt;newline&gt;\r\n\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u7eed\u884c\u6807\u5fd7 (\u610f\u601d\u662f\uff0c\u5b83\u88ab\u4ece\u8f93\u5165\u6d41\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u5e76\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86)\u3002\r\n\u5c06\u5b57\u7b26\u653e\u5728\u5355\u5f15\u53f7\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c06\u4fdd\u7559\u5f15\u7528\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u5b57\u9762\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u5355\u5f15\u53f7\u4e0d\u80fd\u5305\u542b\u5728\u5355\u5f15\u53f7\u5f15\u7528\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u524d\u9762\u52a0\u4e0a\u4e86\u53cd\u659c\u6760\u3002\r\n\u5c06\u5b57\u7b26\u653e\u5728\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u4e2d\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u4fdd\u7559\u6240\u6709\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u5b57\u9762\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u4f8b\u5916\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u662f $, `, \u548c \\\u3002 \u5b57\u7b26 $ \u548c ` \u5728\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u4e2d\u4ecd\u7136\u5177\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u53cd\u659c\u6760\u53ea\u6709\u540e\u9762\u662f\u4e0b\u5217\u5b57\u7b26\u65f6\u624d\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u610f\u4e49\uff1a $, `, \", \\, \u6216\r\n&lt;newline&gt;. \u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u542b\u5728\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u5f15\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f46\u8981\u5728\u524d\u9762\u52a0\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u53cd\u659c\u6760\u3002\r\n\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u53c2\u6570 * \u548c @ \u5728\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u4e2d\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u610f\u4e49(\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u7684 PARAMETERS \u53c2\u6570 \u7ae0\u8282)\u3002\r\n\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3a $'string' \u7684\u8bcd\u4f1a\u88ab\u7279\u6b8a\u5904\u7406\u3002\u5b83\u88ab\u6269\u5c55\u4e3a string\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u6760\u8f6c\u4e49\u5b57\u7b26 \u88ab\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a ANSI C \u6807\u51c6\u4e2d\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u3002\u53cd\u659c\u6760\u8f6c\u4e49\u5e8f\u5217\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u5c06\u505a\u5982\u4e0b\u8f6c\u6362\uff1a\r\n\\a alert (bell) \u54cd\u94c3\r\n\\b backspace \u56de\u9000\r\n\\e an escape character \u5b57\u7b26 Esc\r\n\\f form feed \u8fdb\u7eb8\r\n\\n new line \u65b0\u884c\u7b26\r\n\\r carriage return \u56de\u8f66\r\n\\t horizontal tab \u6c34\u5e73\u8df3\u683c\r\n\\v vertical tab \u7ad6\u76f4\u8df3\u683c\r\n\\\\ backslash \u53cd\u659c\u6760\r\n\\' single quote \u5355\u5f15\u53f7\r\n\\nnn \u4e00\u4e2a\u516b\u6bd4\u7279\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u503c\u662f\u516b\u8fdb\u5236\u503c nnn (\u4e00\u5230\u4e09\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57)\u3002\r\n\\xHH \u4e00\u4e2a\u516b\u6bd4\u7279\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u503c\u662f\u5341\u516d\u8fdb\u5236\u503c HH (\u4e00\u5230\u4e24\u4e2a\u5341\u516d\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\u5b57)\u3002\r\n\\cx \u4e00\u4e2a ctrl-x \u5b57\u7b26\r\n\u6269\u5c55\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u5355\u5f15\u53f7\u5f15\u7528\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u597d\u50cf $ \u7b26\u53f7\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u6837\u3002\r\n\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u5f15\u7528\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u524d\u9762\u52a0\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a $ \u7b26\u53f7\u5c06\u4f7f\u5f97\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u88ab\u6839\u636e\u5f53\u524d\u8bed\u8a00\u73af\u5883 (locale) \u6765\u7ffb\u8bd1\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u5f53\u524d\u8bed\u8a00\u73af\u5883\u662f C \u6216\u8005 POSIX\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7b26\u53f7\u5c06\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\u3002\r\n\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u88ab\u7ffb\u8bd1\u5e76\u66ff\u6362\u4e86\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u66ff\u6362\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u3002\r\n\u53c2\u6570(PARAMETERS)\r\n\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570 parameter \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u50a8\u5b58\u503c\u7684\u5b9e\u4f53\u3002\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u79f0 name, \u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u6216\u8005\u662f\u4e0b\u9762 Special Parameters \u7279\u6b8a\u53c2\u6570 \u7ae0\u8282\u4e2d\u5217\u51fa\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u4ece shell \u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf variable\r\n\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7531\u540d\u79f0 name \u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u503c value \u4ee5\u53ca\u96f6\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u5c5e\u6027 attibutes\u3002\u5c5e\u6027\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4 declare \u6765\u8bbe\u7f6e(\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762 shell \u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4(SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS) \u7ae0\u8282\u4e2d\u5bf9\r\ndeclare \u7684\u63cf\u8ff0)\u3002\r\n\u5982\u679c\u7ed9\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u8d4b\u503c\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5b83\u5c31\u88ab\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u3002\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u662f\u6709\u6548\u7684\u503c\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u88ab\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\uff0c\u5b83\u53ea\u80fd\u7528\u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4 unset \u6765\u53d6\u6d88(\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762 shell \u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4(SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS) \u7ae0\u8282).\r\n\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf variable \u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8bed\u53e5\u5f62\u5f0f\u6765\u8d4b\u503c\uff1a\r\nname=[value]\r\n\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed9\u51fa\u503c value\uff0c \u53d8\u91cf\u5c31\u88ab\u8d4b\u4e3a\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002\u6240\u6709\u503c values \u90fd\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e86\u6ce2\u6d6a\u7ebf\u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u53c2\u6570\u548c\u53d8\u91cf\u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u547d\u4ee4\u66ff\u6362\uff0c\u7b97\u672f\u6269\u5c55\u548c\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u5220\u9664(\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u7684 EXPANSION \u6269\u5c55 \u7ae0\u8282)\u3002\u5982\u679c\u53d8\u91cf\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86\r\ninteger \u6574\u6570 \u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u503c value \u5c06\u8fdb\u884c\u7b97\u672f\u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u6ca1\u6709\u5e94\u7528 $((...)) \u6269\u5c55 (\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u7684 Arithmetic Expansion \u7b97\u672f\u6269\u5c55 \u7ae0\u8282)\u3002 \u4e0d\u4f1a\u8fdb\u884c\u8bcd\u7684\u62c6\u5206\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u662f\u4e0b\u9762 Special Parameters\r\n\u7279\u6b8a\u53c2\u6570 \u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\u7684 \"$@\"\u3002 \u4e0d\u4f1a\u8fdb\u884c\u8def\u5f84\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u8d4b\u503c\u8bed\u53e5\u4e5f\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u4e0b\u5217\u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff1a declare, typeset, export, readonly, \u548c local \u3002\r\nPositional Parameters \u4f4d\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570\r\n\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570 positional parameter \u662f\u4ee5\u4e00\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u9664\u4e86 0\u3002\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570\u662f\u5728 shell \u542f\u52a8\u65f6\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u5b83\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u6765\u8d4b\u503c\u7684\uff0c \u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4 set\r\n\u6765\u91cd\u65b0\u8d4b\u503c\u3002\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\u8d4b\u503c\u8bed\u53e5\u6765\u8d4b\u503c\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a shell \u51fd\u6570\u88ab\u6267\u884c\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570\u4f1a\u88ab\u6682\u65f6\u5730\u66ff\u6362\u6389 (\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u7684 FUNCTIONS \u51fd\u6570 \u7ae0\u8282)\u3002\r\n\u5f53\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570\u7531\u4e24\u4e2a\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u6784\u6210\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u5fc5\u987b\u653e\u5728\u62ec\u53f7\u5185 (\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u7684 EXPANSION \u6269\u5c55 \u7ae0\u8282)\u3002\r\nSpecial Parameters \u7279\u6b8a\u53c2\u6570\r\nshell \u5bf9\u4e00\u4e9b\u53c2\u6570\u505a\u7279\u6b8a\u5904\u7406\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53c2\u6570\u53ea\u80fd\u88ab\u5f15\u7528\u800c\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u8d4b\u503c\u3002\r\n* \u6269\u5c55\u4e3a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u4ece 1 \u5f00\u59cb\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6269\u5c55\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b83\u6269\u5c55\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bcd\uff0c\u503c\u662f\u5404\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u4ee5\u7279\u6b8a\u53d8\u91cf IFS \u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u5206\u9694\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\"$*\" \u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e \"$1c$2c...\"\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc c \u662f\u53d8\u91cf IFS\r\n\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u8bbe\u7f6e IFS\uff0c \u90a3\u4e48\u53c2\u6570\u5c06\u7528\u7a7a\u683c\u5206\u9694\u3002 IFS\r\n@ \u6269\u5c55\u4e3a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u4ece 1 \u5f00\u59cb\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6269\u5c55\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u90fd\u5c06\u6269\u5c55\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bcd\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c \"$@\" \u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e \"$1\" \"$2\" ... \u5982\u679c\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\"$@\" \u548c $@ \u6269\u5c55\u4e3a\u7a7a\r\n(\u5373\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u4e86)\u3002\r\n# \u6269\u5c55\u4e3a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u4e2a\u6570\uff0c\u4ee5\u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u8868\u793a\u3002\r\n? \u6269\u5c55\u4e3a\u6700\u8fd1\u6267\u884c\u7684\u524d\u53f0\u7ba1\u9053\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002\r\n- \u6269\u5c55\u4e3a\u5f53\u524d\u9009\u9879\u6807\u5fd7\u3002\u6807\u5fd7\u662f\u5728\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u6216\u4ee5\u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4 set \u6307\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662f shell \u81ea\u8eab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684 (\u4f8b\u5982\u9009\u9879 -i )\u3002\r\n$ \u6269\u5c55\u4e3a shell \u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b ID\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a () \u5b50 shell \u4e2d\uff0c\u5b83\u6269\u5c55\u4e3a\u5f53\u524d shell \u7684 \u8fdb\u7a0b ID \u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5b50 shell \u7684\u3002\r\n! \u6269\u5c55\u4e3a\u6700\u8fd1\u4e00\u6b21\u6267\u884c\u7684\u540e\u53f0 (\u5f02\u6b65) \u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53f7\u3002\r\n0 \u6269\u5c55\u4e3a shell \u6216\u8005 shell \u811a\u672c\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u5728 shell \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u65f6\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u3002\u5982\u679c bash \u662f\u6267\u884c\u811a\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\u542f\u52a8\u7684\uff0c $0 \u5c06\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u90a3\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u3002\u5982\u679c bash \u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u5305\u542b -c\uff0c \u90a3\u4e48\r\n$0 \u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u542f\u52a8\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u88ab\u6267\u884c\u540e\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6709\u7684\u8bdd\u3002\u5426\u5219\uff0c\u5b83\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u7528\u6765\u542f\u52a8 bash \u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u53c2\u6570 0\u3002\r\n_ shell \u542f\u52a8\u65f6\uff0c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a shell \u6216\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u88ab\u6267\u884c\u7684 shell \u811a\u672c\u7684\u7edd\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\u540d\u3002 \u7136\u540e\uff0c\u5728\u6269\u5c55\u65f6\u6269\u5c55\u4e3a\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u5b83\u4e5f\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u88ab\u6267\u884c\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5168\u540d\u5e76\u4e14\r\n\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u7684\u73af\u5883\u5f53\u4e2d\u3002\u5f53\u68c0\u67e5\u90ae\u4ef6\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u4fdd\u5b58\u7740\u6b63\u5728\u68c0\u67e5\u7684\u90ae\u4ef6\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u3002\r\nShell Variables \u53d8\u91cf\r\nshell \u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e0b\u5217\u53d8\u91cf\uff1a\r\nBASH \u6269\u5c55\u4e3a\u7528\u6765\u542f\u52a8\u5f53\u524d bash \u5b9e\u4f8b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5168\u540d\u3002\r\nBASH_VERSINFO\r\n\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ea\u8bfb\u6570\u7ec4\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u6210\u5458\u4fdd\u5b58\u7740\u5f53\u524d bash \u5b9e\u4f8b\u7684\u7248\u672c\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u8d4b\u4e88\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u503c\u662f\u5982\u4e0b\u8fd9\u4e9b\uff1a\r\nBASH_VERSINFO[0] \u4e3b\u7248\u672c\u53f7 (release).\r\nBASH_VERSINFO[1] \u6b21\u7248\u672c\u53f7 (version).\r\nBASH_VERSINFO[2] \u8865\u4e01\u7248\u672c\r\nBASH_VERSINFO[3] \u7f16\u8bd1\u4fe1\u606f\r\nBASH_VERSINFO[4] \u53d1\u5e03\u65f6\u7684\u72b6\u6001 (\u4f8b\u5982, beta1).\r\nBASH_VERSINFO[5] MACHTYPE \u5e73\u53f0\u7c7b\u578b\r\nBASH_VERSION\r\n\u6269\u5c55\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a bash. \u5b9e\u4f8b\u7684\u7248\u672c\u3002\r\nCOMP_CWORD\r\n${COMP_WORDS} \u7684\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u5f53\u524d\u5149\u6807\u4f4d\u7f6e\u6240\u5728\u7684\u8bcd\u3002 \u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u88ab\u53ef\u7f16\u7a0b\u8865\u5168\u529f\u80fd (\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u7684 Programmable Completion \u7ae0\u8282) \u8c03\u7528\u7684 shell \u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u624d\u53ef\u7528\u3002\r\nCOMP_LINE\r\n\u5f53\u524d\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u88ab\u547d\u4ee4\u8865\u5168\u529f\u80fd\u8c03\u7528\u7684 shell \u51fd\u6570\u548c\u5916\u90e8\u547d\u4ee4\u4e2d\u624d\u53ef\u7528\u3002\r\nCOMP_POINT\r\n\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5f53\u524d\u547d\u4ee4\u8d77\u59cb\u5904\u7684\u5f53\u524d\u5149\u6807\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5f53\u524d\u5149\u6807\u4f4d\u7f6e\u662f\u5f53\u524d\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u672b\u7aef\uff0c \u5b83\u7684\u503c\u5c31\u548c ${#COMP_LINE} \u76f8\u7b49\u3002 \u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u88ab\u547d\u4ee4\u8865\u5168\u529f\u80fd\u8c03\u7528\u7684 shell \u51fd\u6570\u548c\u5916\u90e8\u547d\u4ee4\u4e2d\u624d\u53ef\u7528\u3002\r\nCOMP_WORDS\r\n\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\u53d8\u91cf (\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u7684 Arrays(\u6570\u7ec4)\u4e00\u8282)\uff0c\u7531\u5f53\u524d\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u5355\u8bcd\u6784\u6210\u3002 \u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u88ab\u547d\u4ee4\u8865\u5168\u529f\u80fd\u8c03\u7528\u7684 shell \u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u624d\u53ef\u7528\u3002\r\nDIRSTACK\r\n\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u6808\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u6808\u4e2d\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u6392\u5217\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u5c31\u662f\u7528\u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4 dirs\r\n\u663e\u793a\u65f6\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u3002\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u6210\u5458\u8d4b\u503c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u4fee\u6539\u6808\u4e2d\u5df2\u6709\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8981\u6dfb\u52a0\u548c\u5220\u9664\u76ee\u5f55\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u4f7f\u7528 \u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4 pushd \u548c popd\u3002 \u5bf9\u5b83\u8d4b\u503c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6539\u53d8\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u3002\u5982\u679c\u53d6\u6d88\u4e86 DIRSTACK\r\n\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u5b83\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u540e\u6765\u91cd\u65b0\u5b9a\u4e49\u5b83\u3002\r\nEUID \u6269\u5c55\u4e3a\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u7684\u6709\u6548\u7528\u6237 ID\u3002\u5b83\u5728 shell \u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u53ea\u8bfb\u7684\u3002\r\nFUNCNAME\r\n\u5f53\u524d\u6267\u884c\u7684 shell \u51fd\u6570\u540d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u4e2a shell \u51fd\u6570\u65f6\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u5411 FUNCNAME \u8d4b\u503c\u6ca1\u6709\u6548\u679c\u5e76\u4e14\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u5982\u679c\u53d6\u6d88\u4e86 FUNCNAME\r\n\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u540e\u6765\u91cd\u65b0\u5b9a\u4e49\u5b83\u3002\r\nGROUPS \u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u6240\u5c5e\u7684\u7ec4\u7684\u5217\u8868\u3002\u5411 GROUPS \u8d4b\u503c\u6ca1\u6709\u6548\u679c\u5e76\u4e14\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u5982\u679c\u53d6\u6d88\u4e86 GROUPS \u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u540e\u6765\u91cd\u65b0\u5b9a\u4e49\u5b83\u3002\r\nHISTCMD\r\n\u5f53\u524d\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u7f16\u53f7\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5386\u53f2\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u3002\u5982\u679c\u53d6\u6d88\u4e86 HISTCMD \u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u540e\u6765\u91cd\u65b0\u5b9a\u4e49\u5b83\u3002\r\nHOSTNAME\r\n\u81ea\u52a8\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\u3002\r\nHOSTTYPE\r\n\u81ea\u52a8\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u552f\u4e00\u5730\u6807\u8bc6\u7740\u6b63\u5728\u8fd0\u884c bash \u7684\u673a\u5668\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u3002\r\nLINENO \u6bcf\u6b21\u5f15\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u65f6\uff0cshell \u5c06\u5b83\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u793a\u5728\u811a\u672c\u6216\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u5f53\u524d\u884c\u53f7\u7684\u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\u5b57(\u4ece 1 \u5f00\u59cb)\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u811a\u672c\u6216\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\uff0c\u66ff\u6362\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u503c\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u5982\u679c\u53d6\u6d88\u4e86 LINENO\r\n\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u540e\u6765\u91cd\u65b0\u5b9a\u4e49\u5b83\u3002\r\nMACHTYPE\r\n\u81ea\u52a8\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u6b63\u5728\u8fd0\u884c bash \u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u683c\u5f0f\u662f\u6807\u51c6\u7684 GNU cpu-company-system \u683c\u5f0f\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u3002\r\nOLDPWD \u4e0a\u4e00\u6b21\u547d\u4ee4 cd \u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55\u3002\r\nOPTARG \u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4 getopts \u5904\u7406\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u53c2\u6570\u503c (\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u7684 shell \u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4(SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS) \u7ae0\u8282)\u3002\r\nOPTIND \u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4 getopts \u5c06\u5904\u7406\u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 (\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u7684 shell \u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4(SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS) \u7ae0\u8282)\u3002\r\nOSTYPE \u81ea\u52a8\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u6b63\u5728\u8fd0\u884c bash \u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u3002\r\nPIPESTATUS\r\n\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\u53d8\u91cf (\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u7684 Arrays \u6570\u7ec4 \u7ae0\u8282)\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u6700\u8fd1\u6267\u884c\u7684\u524d\u53f0\u7ba1\u9053\u4e2d\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b(\u53ef\u80fd\u53ea\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4)\u7684\u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001\u3002\r\nPPID shell \u7684\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53f7\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u53ea\u8bfb\u7684\u3002\r\nPWD \u7531 cd \u547d\u4ee4\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u5f53\u524d\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55\u3002\r\nRANDOM \u6bcf\u6b21\u5f15\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u90fd\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u4e2a 0 \u5230 32767 \u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u968f\u673a\u6574\u6570\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5411 RANDOM \u8d4b\u503c\u6765\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u968f\u673a\u6570\u5e8f\u5217\u3002\u5982\u679c\u53d6\u6d88\u4e86 RANDOM \u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u540e\u6765\u91cd\u65b0\u5b9a\u4e49\u5b83\u3002\r\nREPLY \u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u5c06\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4 read \u7684\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u547d\u4ee4\u6ca1\u6709\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u8bdd\u3002\r\nSECONDS\r\n\u6bcf\u6b21\u5f15\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de shell \u81ea\u8fd0\u884c\u4ee5\u6765\u7684\u79d2\u6570\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5411 SECONDS \u8d4b\u503c\uff0c\u6b64\u540e\u5bf9\u5b83\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u5c06\u8fd4\u56de\u81ea\u8d4b\u503c\u65f6\u8d77\u7684\u79d2\u6570\u52a0\u4e0a\u6240\u8d4b\u4e88\u7684\u503c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u53d6\u6d88 SECONDS\r\n\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u540e\u6765\u91cd\u65b0\u5b9a\u4e49\u5b83\u3002\r\nSHELLOPTS\r\n\u4e00\u4e2a\u5192\u53f7\u5206\u9694\u7684\u88ab\u5141\u8bb8\u7684 shell \u9009\u9879\u5217\u8868\u3002\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8bcd\u90fd\u662f\u5185\u7f6e\u547d\u4ee4 set \u7684 -o \u9009\u9879\u7684\u6709\u6548\u53c2\u6570\u3002 SHELLOPTS \u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u9009\u9879\u4e5f\u662f set -o \u663e\u793a\u4e3a on \u7684\u9009\u9879\u3002\u5982\u679c bash\r\n\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u4ece\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5728\u8bfb\u53d6\u4efb\u4f55\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u90fd\u5c06\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u53ea\u8bfb\u7684\u3002\r\nSHLVL \u6bcf\u6b21\u542f\u52a8\u4e00\u4e2a bash \u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\u65f6\u90fd\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u3002\r\nUID \u6269\u5c55\u4e3a\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u7684 ID\uff0c\u5728\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u53ea\u8bfb\u7684\u3002\r\n\u4e0b\u5217\u53d8\u91cf\u88ab shell \u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u6709\u65f6 bash \u4f1a\u4e3a\u53d8\u91cf\u8d4b\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\uff1b\u8fd9\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u5728\u4e0b\u9762\u4f1a\u6807\u51fa\u3002\r\nBASH_ENV\r\n\u5982\u679c bash \u5728\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u4e2a shell \u811a\u672c\u65f6\u8bbe\u5b9a\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u503c\u5c06\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\uff0c \u5305\u542b\u7740\u521d\u59cb\u5316 shell \u7528\u5230\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf ~\/.bashrc \u4e2d\u4e00\u6837\u3002 BASH_ENV\r\n\u7684\u503c\u5728\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u4e4b\u524d\u8981\u7ecf\u8fc7\u53c2\u6570\u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u547d\u4ee4\u66ff\u6362\u548c\u7b97\u672f\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528 PATH \u6765\u67e5\u627e\u7ed3\u679c\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u3002\r\nCDPATH \u547d\u4ee4 cd \u7684\u641c\u7d22\u8def\u5f84\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5192\u53f7\u5206\u9694\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u5217\u8868\uff0cshell \u4ece\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e cd \u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u76ee\u5f55\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\uff1a \".:~:\/usr\".\r\nCOLUMNS\r\n\u7528\u5728\u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4 select \u5f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u5224\u65ad\u8f93\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\u5217\u8868\u65f6\u7684\u7ec8\u7aef\u5bbd\u5ea6\u3002 \u81ea\u52a8\u6839\u636e SIGWINCH \u4fe1\u53f7\u6765\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002\r\nCOMPREPLY\r\n\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\u53d8\u91cf\uff0cbash \u4ece\u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u8865\u5168\u3002 \u5b83\u662f\u7531\u547d\u4ee4\u8865\u5168\u529f\u80fd\u8c03\u7528\u7684 shell \u51fd\u6570\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u3002\r\nFCEDIT \u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4 fc \u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\u3002\r\nFIGNORE\r\n\u4e00\u4e2a\u5192\u53f7\u5206\u9694\u7684\u540e\u7f00\u540d\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u8865\u5168\u65f6\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565 (\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u7684 READLINE \u7ae0\u8282)\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u540e\u7f00\u6ee1\u8db3\u5176\u4e2d\u4e4b\u4e00\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u88ab\u6392\u9664\u5728\u5339\u914d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u4e4b\u5916\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\uff1a \".o:~\".\r\nGLOBIGNORE\r\n\u4e00\u4e2a\u5192\u53f7\u5206\u9694\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u8def\u5f84\u540d\u6269\u5c55\u65f6\u8981\u5ffd\u7565\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u96c6\u5408\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u4e0e\u8def\u5f84\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5339\u914d GLOBIGNORE \u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5f0f\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u88ab\u4ece\u5339\u914d\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u3002\r\nHISTCONTROL\r\n\u5982\u679c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a ignorespace, \u4ee5 space \u5f00\u5934\u7684\u884c\u5c06\u4e0d\u4f1a\u63d2\u5165\u5230\u5386\u53f2\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a ignoredups, \u5339\u914d\u4e0a\u4e00\u6b21\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u884c\u5c06\u4e0d\u4f1a\u63d2\u5165\u3002\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a ignoreboth\r\n\u4f1a\u7ed3\u5408\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u9009\u9879\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u5176\u4ed6\u503c\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u8bfb\u53d6\u7684\u884c\u90fd\u5c06\u5b58\u5165\u5386\u53f2\u5217\u8868\uff0c \u4f46\u8fd8\u8981\u7ecf\u8fc7 HISTIGNORE \u5904\u7406\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab HISTIGNORE\r\n\u66ff\u4ee3\u3002\u591a\u884c\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u548c\u5176\u4f59\u884c\u90fd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u68c0\u6d4b\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1 HISTCONTROL \u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u90fd\u4f1a\u52a0\u5165\u5230\u5386\u53f2\u4e2d\u3002\r\nHISTFILE\r\n\u4fdd\u5b58\u547d\u4ee4\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d (\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u7684 HISTORY \u5386\u53f2 \u7ae0\u8282)\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u662f ~\/.bash_history\u3002\u5982\u679c\u53d6\u6d88\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u5728\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f shell \u9000\u51fa\u65f6 \u547d\u4ee4\u5386\u53f2\u5c06\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4fdd\u5b58\u3002\r\nHISTFILESIZE\r\n\u5386\u53f2\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u7684\u6700\u5927\u884c\u6570\u3002\u5f53\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u8d4b\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u9700\u8981\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u6587\u4ef6\u5c06\u88ab\u622a\u65ad \u6765\u5bb9\u7eb3\u4e0d\u8d85\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u503c\u7684\u884c\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u662f 500\u3002\u5386\u53f2\u6587\u4ef6\u5728\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f shell \u9000\u51fa\u65f6 \u4e5f\u4f1a\u88ab\u622a\u65ad\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u503c\u3002\r\nHISTIGNORE\r\n\u4e00\u4e2a\u5192\u53f7\u5206\u9694\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u5224\u65ad\u90a3\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5e94\u5f53\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6a21\u5f0f \u90fd\u5b9a\u4f4d\u4e8e\u884c\u9996\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5339\u914d\u6574\u884c (\u6ca1\u6709\u5047\u5b9a\u6dfb\u52a0 `*')\u3002\u5728 HISTCONTROL\r\n\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6a21\u5f0f\u90fd\u8981\u88ab\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u5e73\u5e38\u7684 shell \u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c `&amp;' \u5339\u914d\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5386\u53f2\u884c\u3002`&amp;' \u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u53cd\u659c\u6760\u6765\u8f6c\u4e49\uff1b\u53cd\u659c\u6760\u5728\r\n\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5339\u914d\u4e4b\u524d\u5c06\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u3002\u591a\u884c\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u884c\u4ee5\u53ca\u540e\u7eed\u884c\u90fd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1 HISTIGNORE \u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u90fd\u5c06\u52a0\u5165\u5230\u5386\u53f2\u4e2d\u3002\r\nHISTSIZE\r\n\u547d\u4ee4\u5386\u53f2\u4e2d\u4fdd\u5b58\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u6570\u91cf (\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u7684 HISTORY \u5386\u53f2 \u7ae0\u8282)\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u662f 500\u3002\r\nHOME \u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u76ee\u5f55\uff1b\u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4 cd \u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u5728\u6267\u884c\u6ce2\u6d6a\u7ebf\u6269\u5c55\u65f6\u4e5f\u7528\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\r\nHOSTFILE\r\n\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e2a\u683c\u5f0f\u548c \/etc\/hosts \u76f8\u540c\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\uff0c\u5f53 shell \u9700\u8981\u8865\u5168\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\u65f6\u8981\u8bfb\u53d6\u5b83\u3002shell \u8fd0\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d \u53ef\u4ee5\u6539\u53d8\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\u8865\u5168\u5217\u8868\uff1b\u6539\u53d8\u4e4b\u540e\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b21\u9700\u8981\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\u8865\u5168\u65f6 bash\r\n\u4f1a\u5c06\u65b0\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u65e7\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86 HOSTFILE \u4f46\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u8d4b\u503c\uff0cbash \u5c06\u5c1d\u8bd5\u8bfb\u53d6 \/etc\/hosts \u6587\u4ef6\u6765\u83b7\u5f97\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\u8865\u5168\u5217\u8868\u3002\u5f53\u53d6\u6d88 HOSTFILE \u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u65f6\uff0c\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\u5217\u8868\u5c06\u6e05\u7a7a\u3002\r\nIFS \u5185\u90e8\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26 Internal Field Separator \u7528\u6765\u5728\u6269\u5c55\u4e4b\u540e\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u8bcd\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u90e8\u547d\u4ee4 read \u5c06\u884c\u5212\u5206\u6210\u8bcd\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u662f ``&lt;space&gt;&lt;tab&gt;&lt;newline&gt;''\u3002\r\nIGNOREEOF\r\n\u63a7\u5236\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f shell \u63a5\u53d7\u5230\u552f\u4e00\u4e00\u4e2a EOF \u5b57\u7b26\u65f6\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6709\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u503c\u662f\u9700\u8981\u5728\u4e00\u884c\u7684\u5f00\u59cb\u8fde\u7eed\u8f93\u5165 EOF \u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f bash\r\n\u9000\u51fa\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e2a\u6570\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u503c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u6216\u8005\u6ca1\u6709\u8d4b\u503c\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u662f 10\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u53d8\u91cf\u6ca1\u6709\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c EOF \u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u7ed3\u675f\u3002\r\nINPUTRC\r\nreadline \u7684\u542f\u52a8\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684 ~\/.inputrc (\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u7684 READLINE \u7ae0\u8282)\u3002\r\nLANG \u7528\u6765\u51b3\u5b9a\u6ca1\u6709\u7279\u5730\u7528 LC_ \u53d8\u91cf\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u73af\u5883\u9879\u3002\r\nLC_ALL \u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e86 LANG \u548c\u6240\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u6307\u5b9a\u8bed\u8a00\u73af\u5883\u9879\u7684 LC_ \u53d8\u91cf\u3002\r\nLC_COLLATE\r\n\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u4e3a\u8def\u5f84\u6269\u5c55\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u6392\u5e8f\u65f6\u7684\u5b57\u6bcd\u987a\u5e8f\uff0c\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u8303\u56f4\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c \u7b49\u4ef7\u7c7b\uff0c\u548c\u8def\u5f84\u6269\u5c55\u4e2d\u7684\u5f52\u5e76\u987a\u5e8f\u4ee5\u53ca\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u3002\r\nLC_CTYPE\r\n\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u548c\u8def\u5f84\u6269\u5c55\u4ee5\u53ca\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u4e2d\u5b57\u7b26\u7c7b\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\r\nLC_MESSAGES\r\n\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4ee5 $ \u524d\u5bfc\u7684\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u65f6\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u73af\u5883\u3002\r\nLC_NUMERIC\r\n\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u6570\u5b57\u65f6\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u73af\u5883\u5206\u7c7b\u3002\r\nLINES \u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4 select \u7528\u5b83\u6765\u5224\u65ad\u8f93\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\u5217\u8868\u65f6\u7684\u5217\u5bbd\u5ea6\u3002\u5728\u6536\u5230 SIGWINCH \u4fe1\u53f7\u65f6\u81ea\u52a8\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002\r\nMAIL \u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6ca1\u6709\u8bbe\u7f6e\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf MAILPATH \u7684\u8bdd\uff0c bash \u5c06\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u901a\u77e5\u7528\u6237\u6709\u90ae\u4ef6\u5230\u8fbe\u3002\r\nMAILCHECK\r\n\u6307\u5b9a bash \u68c0\u67e5\u90ae\u4ef6\u7684\u9891\u7387\u662f\u591a\u5c11\uff0c\u4ee5\u79d2\u4e3a\u5355\u4f4d\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u662f 60 \u79d2\u3002\u9700\u8981\u68c0\u67e5\u90ae\u4ef6\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0cshell \u5728\u663e\u793a\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u4e4b\u524d\u5c06\u8fdb\u884c\u68c0\u67e5\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u53d6\u6d88\u5b83\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u5e76\u975e\u5927\u4e8e\u7b49\u4e8e\u96f6\u7684\u6570\u503c\uff0cshell\r\n\u5c06\u7981\u6b62\u90ae\u4ef6\u68c0\u67e5\u3002\r\nMAILPATH\r\n\u4e00\u4e2a\u5192\u53f7\u5206\u9694\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u4ece\u4e2d\u68c0\u67e5\u90ae\u4ef6\u3002\u5f53\u90ae\u4ef6\u5230\u8fbe\u67d0\u4e2a\u7279\u6b8a\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u65f6\uff0c\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u6d88\u606f\u53ef\u4ee5 \u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u4e0e\u6d88\u606f\u4ee5 `?' \u5206\u9694\u6765\u6307\u5b9a\u3002 \u5728\u6d88\u606f\u7684\u6587\u672c\u4e2d\uff0c$_\r\n\u6269\u5c55\u4e3a\u5f53\u524d\u90ae\u4ef6\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\r\nMAILPATH='\/var\/mail\/bfox?\"You have mail\":~\/shell-mail?\"$_ has mail!\"'\r\nBash \u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u63d0\u4f9b\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5b83\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7528\u6237\u90ae\u4ef6\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u76f8\u5173\u7684 (\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\/var\/mail\/$USER)\u3002\r\nOPTERR \u5982\u679c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a 1\uff0c bash \u663e\u793a\u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4 getopts \u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u6d88\u606f (\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u7684 shell \u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4(SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS) \u7ae0\u8282)\u3002\u6bcf\u6b21 shell \u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u6216\u8005\u4e00\u4e2a shell \u811a\u672c\u88ab\u6267\u884c\u65f6 OPTERR\r\n\u88ab\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e3a 1\u3002\r\nPATH \u641c\u7d22\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5192\u53f7\u5206\u5272\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u5217\u8868\uff0cshell \u4ece\u4e2d\u641c\u7d22\u547d\u4ee4 (\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u7684 \u547d\u4ee4\u6267\u884c(COMMAND EXECUTION) \u6bb5\u843d)\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u76f8\u5173\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u7531\u5b89\u88c5 bash\r\n\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u5b83\u7684\u503c\u662f ``\/usr\/gnu\/bin:\/usr\/local\/bin:\/usr\/ucb:\/bin:\/usr\/bin:.''\u3002\r\nPOSIXLY_CORRECT\r\n\u5982\u679c bash \u542f\u52a8\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u6709\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u5728\u8bfb\u53d6\u542f\u52a8\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4e4b\u524d\u8fdb\u5165 posix mode\uff0c\u5c31\u597d\u50cf\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86 --posix \u542f\u52a8\u53c2\u6570\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u5982\u679c shell \u8fd0\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86\u5b83\uff0cbash \u5c31\u542f\u7528 posix\r\nmode\uff0c\u5c31\u597d\u50cf\u6267\u884c\u4e86 set -o posix \u547d\u4ee4\u4e00\u6837\u3002\r\nPROMPT_COMMAND\r\n\u5982\u679c\u6709\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u503c\u5c06\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u663e\u793a\u4e3b\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u4e4b\u524d\u90fd\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u3002\r\nPS1 \u8fd9\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u503c\u88ab\u6269\u5c55 (\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u7684 PROMPTING \u63d0\u793a\u7b26 \u6bb5\u843d)\uff0c\u7528\u4f5c\u4e3b\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u662f ``\\s-\\v\\$ ''\u3002\r\nPS2 \u8fd9\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u503c\u540c PS1 \u4e00\u8d77\u88ab\u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u7528\u4f5c\u6b21\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u662f ``&gt; ''\u3002\r\nPS3 \u8fd9\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u503c\u88ab\u7528\u4f5c\u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4 select \u7684\u63d0\u793a\u7b26 (\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0a\u9762\u7684 SHELL GRAMMAR \u8bed\u6cd5 \u7ae0\u8282)\u3002\r\nPS4 \u8fd9\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u503c\u540c PS1 \u4e00\u8d77\u88ab\u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u5728\u6267\u884c\u8ddf\u8e2a\u4e2d\u5728 bash \u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u524d\u663e\u793a\u3002\u9700\u8981\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c PS4 \u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4f1a\u88ab\u590d\u5236\u591a\u6b21\uff0c\u6765\u6307\u793a indirection \u7684\u5c42\u6570\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u662f ``+ ''\u3002\r\nTIMEFORMAT\r\n\u5728\u524d\u7f00 time \u4fdd\u7559\u5b57\u7684\u7ba1\u9053\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u503c\u7528\u4f5c\u683c\u5f0f\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c \u6307\u5b9a\u8ba1\u65f6\u4fe1\u606f\u5982\u4f55\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5b57\u7b26 % \u5f15\u5165\u7684\u8f6c\u4e49\u5e8f\u5217\uff0c\u88ab\u6269\u5c55\u4e3a\u65f6\u95f4\u503c\r\n\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u8f6c\u4e49\u5e8f\u5217\u548c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\uff1b\u62ec\u53f7\u4e2d\u662f\u53ef\u9009\u7684\u6210\u5206\u3002\r\n%% \u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u9762\u4e0a\u7684 %\u3002\r\n%[p][l]R \u7ecf\u5386\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u4ee5\u79d2\u8ba1\u7b97\u3002\r\n%[p][l]U CPU \u5728\u7528\u6237\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\u6267\u884c\u7684\u79d2\u6570\u3002\r\n%[p][l]S CPU \u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\u6267\u884c\u7684\u79d2\u6570\u3002\r\n%P CPU \u4f7f\u7528\u7387\uff0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u662f (%U + %S) \/ %R\u3002\r\n\u53ef\u9009\u7684 p \u662f\u6307\u5b9a\u7cbe\u5ea6 (\u5c0f\u6570\u70b9\u540e\u6570\u5b57\u4f4d\u6570) \u7684\u6570\u503c\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u662f 0 \u5c31\u4e0d\u8f93\u51fa\u5c0f\u6570\u70b9\u6216\u5c0f\u6570\u503c\u3002\u6700\u591a\u6307\u5b9a\u5230\u5c0f\u6570\u70b9\u540e\u4e09\u4f4d\uff1b \u5982\u679c p \u5927\u4e8e 3 \u5c31\u4f1a\u88ab\u6539\u4e3a 3\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u6307\u5b9a p\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4f7f\u7528 3\u3002\r\n\u53ef\u9009\u7684 l \u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u957f\u683c\u5f0f\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u5206\u949f\uff0c\u683c\u5f0f\u662f MMmSS.FFs\u3002 p \u7684\u503c\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u5305\u542b\u5c0f\u6570\u4f4d\u3002\r\n\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u503c\uff0cbash \u5047\u5b9a\u5b83\u7684\u503c\u662f $'\\nreal\\t%3lR\\nuser\\t%3lU\\nsys%3lS'\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u5b83\u662f\u7a7a\u503c\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u8ba1\u65f6\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u663e\u793a\u683c\u5f0f\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4f1a\u52a0\u4e0a \u4e00\u4e2a\u524d\u5bfc\u7684\u65b0\u884c\u7b26\u3002\r\nTMOUT \u5982\u679c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u5927\u4e8e 0 \u7684\u503c\uff0cTMOUT \u88ab\u5f53\u4f5c\u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4 read \u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8d85\u65f6 \u7b49\u5f85\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7b49\u5f85\u7ec8\u7aef\u8f93\u5165\u65f6\uff0c TMOUT \u79d2\u4e4b\u540e\u4ecd\u7136\u6ca1\u6709\u8f93\u5165\uff0c select \u547d\u4ee4\u5c06\u7ec8\u6b62\u3002\u5728\u4ea4\u4e92\u7684 shell\r\n\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u503c\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u663e\u793a\u4e86 \u4e3b\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u4e4b\u540e\u7b49\u5f85\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u79d2\u6570\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u79d2\u6570\u4e4b\u540e\u4ecd\u7136\u6ca1\u6709\u8f93\u5165\uff0c Bash \u5c06\u9000\u51fa\u3002\r\nauto_resume\r\n\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u63a7\u5236\u4e86 shell \u5982\u4f55\u4e0e\u7528\u6237\u548c\u4f5c\u4e1a\u63a7\u5236\u4ea4\u4e92\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c \u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u7684\u5355\u4e2a\u8bcd\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5c06\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6062\u590d\u88ab\u4e2d\u65ad\u7684\u4f5c\u4e1a\u7684\u6307\u793a\u3002\r\n\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u51fa\u73b0\u6a21\u68f1\u4e24\u53ef\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u4f5c\u4e1a\u90fd\u4ee5\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u8d77\u59cb\uff0c\u5c06\u6062\u590d\u6700\u8fd1\u8fd0\u884c \u7684\u4f5c\u4e1a\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u5f62\u4e0b\uff0c\u88ab\u4e2d\u65ad\u7684\u4f5c\u4e1a\u7684 name \u662f\u7528\u4e8e\u542f\u52a8\u5b83\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u503c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a exact\uff0c\r\n\u7ed9\u51fa\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5fc5\u987b\u7cbe\u786e\u5339\u914d\u88ab\u4e2d\u65ad\u7684\u4f5c\u4e1a\u540d\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a substring\uff0c \u7ed9\u51fa\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u9700\u8981\u5339\u914d\u88ab\u4e2d\u65ad\u7684\u4f5c\u4e1a\u540d\u7684\u5b50\u4e32\u3002\u503c substring \u7684\u529f\u80fd\u4e0e\u4f5c\u4e1a\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26 %? \u529f\u80fd\u7c7b\u4f3c (\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u7684 JOB\r\nCONTROL \u4f5c\u4e1a\u63a7\u5236 \u7ae0\u8282)\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u4ed6\u503c\uff0c\u7ed9\u51fa\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u88ab\u4e2d\u65ad\u7684\u4f5c\u4e1a\u7684\u524d\u7f00\uff1b \u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u4e0e\u4f5c\u4e1a\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26 % \u529f\u80fd\u7c7b\u4f3c\u3002\r\nhistchars\r\n\u4e24\u5230\u4e09\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u63a7\u5236\u7740\u5386\u53f2\u6269\u5c55\u548c\u5206\u6bb5 (tokenization\uff0c\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u7684 HISTORY EXPANSION \u5386\u53f2\u6269\u5c55 \u7ae0\u8282)\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u662f history expansion(\u5386\u53f2\u6269\u5c55) \u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\r\n\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u8868\u660e\u4e86\u5386\u53f2\u6269\u5c55\u7684\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u662f `!'\u3002 \u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u662f quick substitution(\u5feb\u901f\u66ff\u6362) \u5b57\u7b26\uff0c \u5b83\u662f\u91cd\u65b0\u8fd0\u884c\u4e0a\u6b21\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f46\u5c06\u547d\u4ee4\u4e2d\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7684\u7b80\u5199\uff0c \u9ed8\u8ba4\u662f\r\n`^'\u3002\u53ef\u9009\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u662f\u6307\u793a\u5982\u679c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bcd\u7684\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48 \u4e00\u884c\u4e2d\u5269\u4f59\u5b57\u7b26\u662f\u6ce8\u91ca\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u662f `#'\u3002\u5386\u53f2\u6ce8\u91ca\u5b57\u7b26\u4f7f\u5f97 \u5bf9\u4e00\u884c\u4e2d\u5269\u4f59\u5b57\u7b26\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u66ff\u6362\u4e2d\u88ab\u8df3\u8fc7\u3002\u5b83\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u4f7f shell\r\n\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u5c06 \u8fd9\u4e00\u884c\u7684\u5269\u4f59\u90e8\u5206\u5f53\u4f5c\u6ce8\u91ca\u3002\r\nArrays\r\nBash \u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u7ef4\u6570\u7ec4\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u53d8\u91cf\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\uff1b\u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4 declare \u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u5f0f\u5730\u5b9a\u4e49\u6570\u7ec4\u3002\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u6ca1\u6709\u4e0a\u9650\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u9650\u5236\u5728\u8fde\u7eed\u5bf9\u6210\u5458\u5f15\u7528\u548c \u8d4b\u503c\u65f6\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u6c42\u3002\u6570\u7ec4\u4ee5\u6574\u6570\u4e3a\u4e0b\u6807\uff0c\u4ece\r\n0 \u5f00\u59cb\u3002\r\n\u5982\u679c\u53d8\u91cf\u8d4b\u503c\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\u8bed\u6cd5 name[subscript]=value\uff0c \u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u7ec4\u3002 subscript \u88ab\u5f53\u4f5c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b97\u672f\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u5927\u4e8e\u7b49\u4e8e 0 \u7684\u503c\u3002\u8981\u663e\u5f0f\u5730\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 declare -a name\r\n(\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u7684 shell \u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4(SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS) \u7ae0\u8282)\u3002\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528 declare -a name[subscript] \u8fd9\u65f6 subscript \u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\u3002\u6570\u7ec4\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4 declare \u548c readonly\r\n\u6765\u6307\u5b9a\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5c5e\u6027\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6240\u6709\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u6709\u6548\u3002\r\n\u6570\u7ec4\u8d4b\u503c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u590d\u5408\u8d4b\u503c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5f62\u5f0f\u662f name=(value1 ... valuen)\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u6bcf\u4e2a value \u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u90fd\u662f [subscript]=string\u3002string\r\n\u5fc5\u987b\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u5982\u679c\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u53ef\u9009\u7684\u62ec\u53f7\u548c\u4e0b\u6807\uff0c\u5c06\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e0b\u6807\u8d4b\u503c\uff0c\u5426\u5219 \u88ab\u8d4b\u503c\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u4e0b\u6807\u662f\u8bed\u53e5\u4e2d\u4e0a\u4e00\u6b21\u8d4b\u503c\u7684\u4e0b\u6807\u52a0\u4e00\u3002\u4e0b\u6807\u4ece 0 \u5f00\u59cb\u3002 \u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bed\u6cd5\u4e5f\u88ab\u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4 declare\r\n\u6240\u63a5\u53d7\u3002\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e0a\u9762\u4ecb\u7ecd\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5 name[subscript]=value \u6765\u8d4b\u503c\u3002\r\n\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528 ${name[subscript]} \u6765\u5f15\u7528\u3002 \u82b1\u62ec\u53f7\u662f\u5fc5\u987b\u7684\uff0c\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u548c\u8def\u5f84\u6269\u5c55\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\u5982\u679c subscript \u662f @ \u6216\u662f *\uff0c\u5b83\u6269\u5c55\u4e3a name \u7684\u6240\u6709\u6210\u5458\u3002\r\n\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u4e0b\u6807\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u4e2d\u624d\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u5728\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u4e2d\uff0c${name[*]} \u6269\u5c55\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bcd\uff0c \u7531\u6240\u6709\u6570\u7ec4\u6210\u5458\u7684\u503c\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u7528\u7279\u6b8a\u53d8\u91cf IFS \u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u5206\u9694\uff1b${name[@]} \u5c06 name \u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6210\u5458\u6269\u5c55\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bcd\u3002\r\n\u5982\u679c\u6570\u7ec4\u6ca1\u6709\u6210\u5458\uff0c${name[@]} \u6269\u5c55\u4e3a\u7a7a\u4e32\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u7279\u6b8a\u53c2\u6570 * \u548c @ \u7684\u6269\u5c55 (\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0a\u9762\u7684 Special Parameters \u6bb5\u843d)\u3002${#name[subscript]} \u6269\u5c55\u4e3a ${name[subscript]} \u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u3002\u5982\u679c\r\nsubscript \u662f * \u6216\u8005\u662f @\uff0c\u6269\u5c55\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u4e2a\u6570\u3002\u5f15\u7528\u6ca1\u6709\u4e0b\u6807\u6570\u7ec4\u53d8\u91cf\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e \u5f15\u7528\u5143\u7d20 0\u3002\r\n\u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4 unset \u7528\u4e8e\u9500\u6bc1\u6570\u7ec4\u3002unset name[subscript] \u5c06\u9500\u6bc1\u4e0b\u6807\u662f subscript \u7684\u5143\u7d20\u3002 unset name, \u8fd9\u91cc name \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u6216\u8005 unset name[subscript], \u8fd9\u91cc subscript \u662f * \u6216\u8005\u662f\r\n@\uff0c\u5c06\u9500\u6bc1\u6574\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\u3002\r\n\u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4 declare, local, \u548c readonly \u90fd\u80fd\u63a5\u53d7 -a \u9009\u9879\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\u3002\u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4 read \u53ef\u4ee5\u63a5\u53d7 -a \u9009\u9879\uff0c\u4ece\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u8bfb\u5165\u4e00\u5217\u8bcd\u6765\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\u8d4b\u503c\u3002\u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4 set \u548c declare\r\n\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u79cd\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u7528\u4e3a\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u6765\u663e\u793a\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u3002\r\n\u6269\u5c55(EXPANSION)\r\n\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u662f\u5728\u62c6\u5206\u6210\u8bcd\u4e4b\u540e\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u3002\u6709\u4e03\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6269\u5c55\uff1a brace expansion(\u82b1\u62ec\u53f7\u6269\u5c55), tilde expansion(\u6ce2\u6d6a\u7ebf\u6269\u5c55), parameter and variable expansion(\u53c2\u6570\u548c\u53d8\u91cf\u6269\u5c55), command\r\nsubstitution(\u547d\u4ee4\u66ff\u6362), arithmetic expansion(\u7b97\u672f\u6269\u5c55), word splitting(\u8bcd\u7684\u62c6\u5206), \u548c pathname expansion(\u8def\u5f84\u6269\u5c55).\r\n\u6269\u5c55\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u662f\uff1abrace expansion, tilde expansion, parameter, variable \u548c arithmetic expansion \u8fd8\u6709 command substitution (\u6309\u7167\u4ece\u5de6\u5230\u53f3\u7684\u987a\u5e8f), word splitting, \u6700\u540e\u662f pathname\r\nexpansion.\r\n\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u9644\u52a0\u7684\u6269\u5c55\uff1aprocess subtitution (\u8fdb\u7a0b\u66ff\u6362) \u53ea\u6709\u5728\u652f\u6301\u5b83 \u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6709\u6548\u3002\r\n\u53ea\u6709 brace expansion, word splitting, \u548c pathname expansion \u5728\u6269\u5c55\u524d\u540e\u7684\u8bcd\u6570\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u6539\u53d8\uff1b\u5176\u4ed6\u6269\u5c55\u603b\u662f\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bcd\u6269\u5c55\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bcd\u3002 \u552f\u4e00\u7684\u4f8b\u5916\u662f\u4e0a\u9762\u63d0\u5230\u7684 \"$@\" \u548c \"${name[@]}\" (\u53c2\u89c1\r\nPARAMETERS\u53c2\u6570)\u3002\r\nBrace Expansion\r\nBrace expansion \u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u4efb\u610f\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u673a\u5236\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u673a\u5236\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e pathname expansion, \u4f46\u662f\u5e76\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5b58\u5728\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002 \u82b1\u62ec\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u9009\u7684 preamble(\u524d\u5bfc\u5b57\u7b26),\r\n\u540e\u9762\u8ddf\u7740\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u9017\u53f7\u5206\u9694\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u5728\u4e00\u5bf9\u82b1\u62ec\u53f7\u4e2d\uff0c \u518d\u540e\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u9009\u7684 postscript(\u9644\u8a00)\u3002 \u524d\u5bfc\u88ab\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u82b1\u62ec\u53f7\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u524d\u9762\uff0c\u9644\u8a00\u88ab\u9644\u52a0\u5230\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ed3\u679c\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\r\n\u4ece\u5de6\u5230\u53f3\u8fdb\u884c\u6269\u5c55\u3002\r\n\u82b1\u62ec\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u53ef\u4ee5\u5d4c\u5957\u3002\u6269\u5c55\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u6392\u5e8f\uff1b\u800c\u662f\u4fdd\u7559\u4e86\u4ece\u5de6\u5230\u53f3\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u3002 \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c a{d,c,b}e \u6269\u5c55\u4e3a `ade ace abe'\u3002\r\n\u82b1\u62ec\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u662f\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u4ed6\u6269\u5c55\u4e4b\u524d\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u5bf9\u5176\u4ed6\u6269\u5c55\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u5b57\u7b26 \u90fd\u4fdd\u7559\u5728\u7ed3\u679c\u4e2d\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u4e25\u683c\u5b57\u9762\u4e0a\u7684\u3002 Bash \u4e0d\u4f1a\u5bf9\u6269\u5c55\u7684\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u6216\u82b1\u62ec\u53f7\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u672c\u505a\u4efb\u4f55\u8bed\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\r\n\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u82b1\u62ec\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u5fc5\u987b\u5305\u542b\u6ca1\u6709\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u5de6\u62ec\u53f7\u548c\u53f3\u62ec\u53f7\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u81f3\u5c11\u4e00\u4e2a\u6ca1\u6709 \u5f15\u7528\u7684\u9017\u53f7\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u4e0d\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u90fd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u6539\u53d8\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u53cd\u659c\u6760\u6765\u5f15\u7528 { \u6216 , \u6765\u963b\u6b62\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u8bc6\u522b\u4e3a\u82b1\u62ec\u53f7\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\r\n\u4e3a\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u4e0e\u53c2\u6570\u6269\u5c55\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32 ${ \u4e0d\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6709\u6548\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u3002\r\n\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ed3\u6784\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u6765\u7b80\u5199\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u516c\u5171\u524d\u7f00\u8fdc\u6bd4\u4e0a\u4f8b\u4e2d\u4e3a\u957f\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\r\nmkdir \/usr\/local\/src\/bash\/{old,new,dist,bugs}\r\n\u6216\u8005\uff1a\r\nchown root \/usr\/{ucb\/{ex,edit},lib\/{ex?.?*,how_ex}}\r\n\u82b1\u62ec\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u4e0e\u5386\u53f2\u7248\u672c\u7684 sh \u7684\u4e00\u70b9\u4e0d\u517c\u5bb9\u3002\u5728\u5de6\u62ec\u53f7\u6216\u53f3\u62ec\u53f7\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8bcd\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u51fa\u73b0\u65f6\uff0c sh \u4e0d\u4f1a\u5bf9\u5b83\u4eec\u8fdb\u884c\u7279\u6b8a\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u4f1a\u5728\u8f93\u51fa\u4e2d\u4fdd\u7559\u5b83\u4eec\u3002 Bash\r\n\u5c06\u62ec\u53f7\u4ece\u82b1\u62ec\u53f7\u6269\u5c55\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u8bcd\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5411 sh \u8f93\u5165 file{1,2} \u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e0d\u53d8\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u540c\u6837\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u5728 bash \u8fdb\u884c\u6269\u5c55\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4f1a\u8f93\u51fa file1 file2 . \u5982\u679c\u9700\u8981\u540c sh \u4e25\u683c\u5730\u4fdd\u6301\u517c\u5bb9\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5728\u542f\u52a8\r\nbash \u7684\u65f6\u5019\u4f7f\u7528 +B \u9009\u9879\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4f7f\u7528 set \u547d\u4ee4\u52a0\u4e0a +B \u9009\u9879\u6765\u7981\u7528\u82b1\u62ec\u53f7\u6269\u5c55 (\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u7684 shell \u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4(SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS) \u7ae0\u8282)\u3002\r\nTilde Expansion\r\n\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bcd\u4ee5\u6ca1\u6709\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u6ce2\u6d6a\u7ebf\u5b57\u7b26 (`~') \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u6240\u6709 \u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6ca1\u6709\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u659c\u7ebf (`\/') \u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u5b57\u7b26 (\u6216\u8005\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c \u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u6ca1\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u659c\u7ebf\u7684\u8bdd) \u90fd\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f tilde-\r\nprefix(\u6ce2\u6d6a\u7ebf\u524d\u7f00)\u3002 \u5982\u679c tilde-prefix \u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6ce2\u6d6a\u7ebf\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32 \u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f login name(\u767b\u5f55\u540d)\u3002\u5982\u679c\u767b\u5f55\u540d\u662f\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u6ce2\u6d6a\u7ebf\u5c06 \u88ab\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a shell \u53c2\u6570 HOME\r\n\u7684\u503c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u5b9a\u4e49 HOME\uff0c \u5c06\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u6267\u884c\u6b64 shell \u7684\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u76ee\u5f55\u3002\u5426\u5219\uff0ctilde-prefix \u88ab\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a \u4e0e\u6307\u5b9a\u767b\u5f55\u540d\u76f8\u8054\u7cfb\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u76ee\u5f55\u3002\r\n\u5982\u679c tilde-prefix \u662f `~+'\uff0c\u5c06\u4f7f\u7528 shell \u53d8\u91cf PWD \u7684\u503c\u6765\u66ff\u6362\u3002\u5982\u679c tilde-prefix \u662f `~-'\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86 shell \u53d8\u91cf OLDPWD, \u5c06\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u6765\u66ff\u6362\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728 tilde-prefix\r\n\u4e2d\uff0c\u6ce2\u6d6a\u7ebf\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32 \u7531\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57 N \u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u524d\u7f00\u53ef\u9009\u7684 `+' \u6216\u8005 `-'\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48 tilde-prefix \u5c06\u88ab\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u76ee\u5f55\u6808\u4e2d\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5c06 tilde-prefix \u4f5c\u4e3a\u53c2\u6570\u6267\u884c\u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4 dirs \u663e\u793a\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u5982\u679c\r\ntilde-prefix \u4e2d\u6ce2\u6d6a\u7ebf\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u524d\u7f00\uff0c \u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u5047\u5b9a\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a `+'\u3002\r\n\u5982\u679c\u767b\u5f55\u540d\u4e0d\u5408\u6cd5\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u6ce2\u6d6a\u7ebf\u6269\u5c55\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u5c06\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d8\u5316\u3002\r\n\u5728\u53d8\u91cf\u8d4b\u503c\u4e2d\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e : \u6216 = \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4f1a\u7acb\u5373\u68c0\u67e5\u672a\u5f15\u7528\u7684 tilde-prefix\u3002 \u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u4f1a\u8fdb\u884c\u6ce2\u6d6a\u7ebf\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5e26\u6ce2\u6d6a\u7ebf\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u6765\u4e3a PATH, MAILPATH, \u548c CDPATH\r\n\u8d4b\u503c\uff0cshell \u5c06\u8d4b\u4e88\u6269\u5c55\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u503c\u3002\r\nParameter Expansion\r\n\u5b57\u7b26 `$' \u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u53c2\u6570\u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u547d\u4ee4\u66ff\u6362\u548c\u7b97\u672f\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u8981\u6269\u5c55\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u540d\u6216\u7b26\u53f7 \u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u542b\u5728\u82b1\u62ec\u53f7\u4e2d\uff0c\u82b1\u62ec\u53f7\u53ef\u9009\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u5f97\u8981\u6269\u5c55\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4e0e\u7d27\u968f\u5176\u540e \u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u5408\u5e76\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u65b0\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u3002\r\n\u4f7f\u7528\u82b1\u62ec\u53f7\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5339\u914d\u7684\u53f3\u62ec\u53f7\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a `}'\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5b83\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u53cd\u659c\u6760\u5f15\u7528 \u6216\u5305\u542b\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u5305\u542b\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5d4c\u5165\u7684\u7b97\u672f\u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u547d\u4ee4\u66ff\u6362 \u6216\u662f\u53c2\u6570\u6269\u5c55\u4e2d\u3002\r\n${parameter}\r\n\u88ab\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a parameter \u7684\u503c\u3002\u5982\u679c parameter \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6570\u5b57\u591a\u4e8e\u4e00\u4f4d\u65f6\uff1b\u6216\u8005\u5f53\u7d27\u968f parameter \u4e4b\u540e\u6709\u4e0d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u540d\u79f0\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u65f6\uff0c\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u52a0\u4e0a\u82b1\u62ec\u53f7\u3002\r\n\u5982\u679c parameter \u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u611f\u53f9\u53f7\uff0c\u5c06\u5f15\u8fdb\u4e00\u5c42\u95f4\u63a5\u53d8\u91cf\u3002 bash \u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5 parameter \u7684\u5176\u4f59\u90e8\u5206\u4e3a\u540d\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u540d\u79f0\uff1b\r\n\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u65b0\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u88ab\u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u503c\u7528\u5728\u968f\u540e\u7684\u66ff\u6362\u5f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4f7f\u7528 parameter \u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u503c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u79f0\u4e3a indirect expansion(\u95f4\u63a5\u6269\u5c55). \u4f8b\u5916\u60c5\u51b5\u662f\u4e0b\u9762\u8bb2\u5230\u7684 ${!prefix*}\u3002\r\n\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u6bcf\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e2d\uff0cword \u90fd\u8981\u7ecf\u8fc7\u6ce2\u6d6a\u7ebf\u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u53c2\u6570\u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u547d\u4ee4\u66ff\u6362\u548c \u7b97\u672f\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u5b50\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u6269\u5c55\uff0cbash \u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e00\u4e2a\u6ca1\u6709\u5b9a\u4e49\u6216\u503c\u4e3a\u7a7a\u7684 \u53c2\u6570\uff1b\u5ffd\u7565\u5192\u53f7\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u53ea\u6d4b\u8bd5\u672a\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u3002\r\n${parameter:-word}\r\nUse Default Values(\u4f7f\u7528\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c)\u3002\u5982\u679c parameter \u672a\u5b9a\u4e49\u6216\u503c\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5c06\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a word \u7684\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u5426\u5219\uff0c\u5c06\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a parameter \u7684\u503c\u3002\r\n${parameter:=word}\r\nAssign Default Values(\u8d4b\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c)\u3002\u5982\u679c parameter \u672a\u5b9a\u4e49\u6216\u503c\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c word \u7684\u6269\u5c55\u5c06\u8d4b\u4e88 parameter. parameter \u7684\u503c\u5c06\u88ab\u66ff\u6362\u3002\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570\u548c\u7279\u6b8a\u53c2\u6570\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u8d4b\u503c\u3002\r\n${parameter:?word}\r\nDisplay Error if Null or Unset(\u663e\u793a\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u672a\u5b9a\u4e49\u6216\u503c\u4e3a\u7a7a)\u3002\u5982\u679c parameter \u672a\u5b9a\u4e49\u6216\u503c\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0cword (\u6216\u4e00\u6761\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5982\u679c word \u4e0d\u5b58\u5728) \u7684\u6269\u5c55\u5c06\u5199\u5165\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u9519\u8bef\uff1bshell\r\n\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u662f\u4ea4\u4e92\u7684\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u9000\u51fa\u3002\u5426\u5219\uff0c parameter \u7684\u503c\u5c06\u88ab\u66ff\u6362\u3002\r\n${parameter:+word}\r\nUse Alternate Value(\u4f7f\u7528\u53ef\u9009\u503c)\u3002\u5982\u679c parameter \u672a\u5b9a\u4e49\u6216\u975e\u7a7a\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8fdb\u884c\u66ff\u6362\uff1b\u5426\u5219\u5c06\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a word \u6269\u5c55\u540e\u7684\u503c\u3002\r\n${parameter:offset}\r\n${parameter:offset:length}\r\nSubstring Expansion(\u5b50\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u6269\u5c55)\u3002 \u6269\u5c55\u4e3aparameter \u7684\u6700\u591a length \u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u4ece offset \u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u5f00\u59cb\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86 length\uff0c\u6269\u5c55\u4e3a parameter \u7684\u5b50\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c \u4ece offset\r\n\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5f00\u59cb\u3002length \u548c offset \u662f\u7b97\u672f\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f (\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u7684 ARITHMETIC EVALUATION \u7b97\u672f\u6c42\u503c \u6bb5\u843d)\u3002 length \u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e\u7b49\u4e8e 0 \u7684\u6570\u503c\u3002\u5982\u679c offset \u6c42\u503c\u7ed3\u679c\u5c0f\u4e8e 0\uff0c\r\n\u503c\u5c06\u5f53\u4f5c\u4ece parameter \u7684\u503c\u7684\u672b\u5c3e\u7b97\u8d77\u7684\u504f\u79fb\u91cf\u3002\u5982\u679c parameter \u662f @\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u662f length \u4e2a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u4ece offset \u5f00\u59cb\u3002 \u5982\u679c parameter \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\u540d\uff0c\u4ee5 @ \u6216 * \u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\r\nlength \u4e2a\u6210\u5458\uff0c\u4ece ${parameter[offset]} \u5f00\u59cb\u3002 \u5b50\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u4e0b\u6807\u662f\u4ece 0 \u5f00\u59cb\u7684\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u4f7f\u7528\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0b\u6807\u4ece 1 \u5f00\u59cb\u3002\r\n${!prefix*}\r\n\u6269\u5c55\u4e3a\u540d\u79f0\u4ee5 prefix \u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\uff0c\u4ee5\u7279\u6b8a\u53d8\u91cf IFS \u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u5206\u9694\u3002\r\n${#parameter}\r\n\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a parameter \u7684\u503c\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 (\u5b57\u7b26\u6570\u76ee)\u3002\u5982\u679c parameter \u662f * \u6216\u8005\u662f @, \u66ff\u6362\u7684\u503c\u662f\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u4e2a\u6570\u3002\u5982\u679c parameter \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\u540d\uff0c\u4e0b\u6807\u662f * \u6216\u8005\u662f @,\r\n\u66ff\u6362\u7684\u503c\u662f\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u4e2a\u6570\u3002\r\n${parameter#word}\r\n${parameter##word}\r\nword \u88ab\u6269\u5c55\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u8def\u5f84\u6269\u5c55\u4e2d\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d parameter \u7684\u503c\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6269\u5c55\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u5c06 parameter \u6269\u5c55\u540e\u7684\u503c\u4e2d\uff0c\u6700\u77ed\u7684\u5339\u914d (``#'' \u7684\u60c5\u51b5) \u6216\u8005\u6700\u957f\u7684\u5339\u914d\r\n(``##''\u7684\u60c5\u51b5) \u5220\u9664\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u5982\u679c parameter \u662f @ \u6216\u8005\u662f *, \u5219\u6a21\u5f0f\u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c\u5c06\u4f9d\u6b21\u65bd\u7528\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u6269\u5c55\u4e3a\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u5217\u8868\u3002\u5982\u679c parameter \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u4e0b\u6807\u662f @ \u6216\u8005\u662f *,\r\n\u6a21\u5f0f\u5220\u9664\u5c06\u4f9d\u6b21\u65bd\u7528\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6210\u5458\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u6269\u5c55\u4e3a\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u5217\u8868\u3002\r\n${parameter%word}\r\n${parameter%%word}\r\nword \u88ab\u6269\u5c55\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u8def\u5f84\u6269\u5c55\u4e2d\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d parameter \u6269\u5c55\u540e\u7684\u503c\u7684\u5c3e\u90e8\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6269\u5c55\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u5c06 parameter \u6269\u5c55\u540e\u7684\u503c\u4e2d\uff0c\u6700\u77ed\u7684\u5339\u914d (``%'' \u7684\u60c5\u51b5)\r\n\u6216\u8005\u6700\u957f\u7684\u5339\u914d (``%%''\u7684\u60c5\u51b5) \u5220\u9664\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u5982\u679c parameter \u662f @ \u6216\u8005\u662f *, \u5219\u6a21\u5f0f\u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c\u5c06\u4f9d\u6b21\u65bd\u7528\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u6269\u5c55\u4e3a\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u5217\u8868\u3002\u5982\u679c parameter\r\n\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u4e0b\u6807\u662f @ \u6216\u8005\u662f *, \u6a21\u5f0f\u5220\u9664\u5c06\u4f9d\u6b21\u65bd\u7528\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6210\u5458\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u6269\u5c55\u4e3a\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u5217\u8868\u3002\r\n${parameter\/pattern\/string}\r\n${parameter\/\/pattern\/string}\r\npatterm \u88ab\u6269\u5c55\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u8def\u5f84\u6269\u5c55\u4e2d\u4e00\u6837\u3002parameter \u88ab\u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u5176\u503c\u4e2d\u6700\u957f\u7684\u5339\u914d pattern \u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u88ab\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a string\u3002 \u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5339\u914d\u88ab\u66ff\u6362\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u4f7f\u5f97\r\npattern \u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u5339\u914d\u90fd\u88ab\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a string\u3002 \u5982\u679c pattern \u4ee5 # \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5b83\u5fc5\u987b\u5339\u914d parameter \u6269\u5c55\u540e \u503c\u7684\u9996\u90e8\u3002\u5982\u679c pattern \u4ee5 % \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5b83\u5fc5\u987b\u5339\u914d parameter \u6269\u5c55\u540e\u503c\u7684\u5c3e\u90e8\u3002\u5982\u679c\r\nstring \u662f\u7a7a\u503c\uff0cpattern \u7684\u5339\u914d\u90fd\u5c06\u88ab\u5220\u9664\uff0c pattern \u4e4b\u540e\u7684 \/ \u5c06\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\u3002\u5982\u679c parameter \u662f @ \u6216\u8005\u662f *, \u5219\u66ff\u6362\u64cd\u4f5c\u5c06\u4f9d\u6b21\u65bd\u7528\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u6269\u5c55\u4e3a\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u5217\u8868\u3002\u5982\u679c\r\nparameter \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u4e0b\u6807\u662f @ \u6216\u8005\u662f *, \u6a21\u5f0f\u5220\u9664\u5c06\u4f9d\u6b21\u65bd\u7528\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6210\u5458\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u6269\u5c55\u4e3a\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u5217\u8868\u3002\r\nCommand Substitution\r\n\u547d\u4ee4\u66ff\u6362 (Command substitution) \u5141\u8bb8\u4ee5\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u66ff\u6362\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u3002\u6709 \u4e24\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\uff1a\r\n$(command)\r\n\u8fd8\u6709\r\n`command`\r\nBash \u8fdb\u884c\u6269\u5c55\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\u662f\u6267\u884c command\uff0c\u4ee5\u5b83\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u66ff\u6362\u5b83\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u540e\u7eed\u7684 \u65b0\u884c\u7b26\u5220\u9664\u3002\u5185\u5d4c\u7684\u65b0\u884c\u7b26\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5220\u9664\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5728\u8bcd\u7684\u62c6\u5206\u4e2d\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u3002 \u547d\u4ee4\u66ff\u6362 $(cat file)\r\n\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u7b49\u4ef7\u4f46\u662f\u66f4\u5feb\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5 $(&lt; file) \u4ee3\u66ff\u3002\r\n\u5f53\u4f7f\u7528\u65e7\u5f0f\u7684\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7 (\"``\") \u66ff\u6362\u5f62\u5f0f\u65f6\uff0c\u53cd\u659c\u6760\u53ea\u6709\u5176\u5b57\u9762\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u9664\u975e \u540e\u9762\u662f $, `, \u6216\u8005\u662f \\. \u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u524d\u9762\u6ca1\u6709\u53cd\u659c\u6760\u7684\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u5c06\u7ed3\u675f\u547d\u4ee4\u66ff\u6362\u3002\u5f53\u4f7f\u7528 $(command)\r\n\u5f62\u5f0f\u65f6\uff0c\u62ec\u53f7\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u5b57\u7b26\u7ec4\u6210\u4e86\u6574\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\uff1b\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u7279\u6b8a\u5904\u7406\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u3002\r\n\u547d\u4ee4\u66ff\u6362\u53ef\u4ee5\u5d4c\u5957\u3002\u8981\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u5f62\u5f0f\u65f6\u5d4c\u5957\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u53cd\u659c\u6760\u6765\u8f6c\u4e49\u5185\u5c42\u7684 \u53cd\u5f15\u53f7\u3002\r\n\u5982\u679c\u66ff\u6362\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u5c06\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u8bcd\u7684\u62c6\u5206\u548c\u8def\u5f84\u6269\u5c55\u3002\r\nArithmetic Expansion\r\n\u7b97\u672f\u6269\u5c55\u5141\u8bb8\u7b97\u672f\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7684\u6c42\u503c\u548c\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u66ff\u6362\u3002\u7b97\u672f\u6269\u5c55\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u662f\uff1a\r\n$((expression))\r\n\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f expression \u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5982\u540c\u5728\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u4e4b\u4e2d\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u62ec\u53f7\u4e2d\u7684\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u7279\u6b8a\u5904\u7406\u3002 \u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u8bcd\u90fd\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e86\u53c2\u6570\u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u547d\u4ee4\u66ff\u6362\u548c\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u5220\u9664\u3002 \u7b97\u672f\u66ff\u6362\u53ef\u4ee5\u5d4c\u5957\u3002\r\n\u6c42\u503c\u6839\u636e\u4e0b\u9762 \u7b97\u672f\u6c42\u503c (ARITHMETIC EVALUATION) \u7ae0\u8282\u4e2d\u5217\u51fa\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u8fdb\u884c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f expression \u975e\u6cd5\uff0c bash \u8f93\u51fa\u9519\u8bef\u63d0\u793a\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8fdb\u884c\u66ff\u6362\u3002\r\nProcess Substitution\r\nProcess substitution (\u8fdb\u7a0b\u66ff\u6362) \u53ea\u6709\u5728\u652f\u6301\u547d\u540d\u7ba1\u9053 (FIFOs)\uff0c \u6216\u8005\u652f\u6301\u4f7f\u7528 \/dev\/fd \u65b9\u5f0f\u4e3a\u6253\u5f00\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u547d\u540d\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u624d\u53ef\u7528\u3002 \u5b83\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u662f &lt;(list) \u6216\u8005\u662f &gt;(list)\u3002 \u8fdb\u7a0b list\r\n\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u6216\u8f93\u51fa\u88ab\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a FIFO \u6216\u8005 \/dev\/fd \u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u88ab\u4f20\u9012\u5230\u5f53\u524d\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6269\u5c55\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528 &gt;(list) \u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5411\u6587\u4ef6\u5199\u5165\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u4e3a list\r\n\u63d0\u4f9b\u8f93\u5165\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528 &lt;(list) \u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bfb\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53c2\u6570\u4f20\u9012 \u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u6765\u83b7\u5f97 list \u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\r\n\u5982\u679c\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u66ff\u6362\u662f\u4e0e\u53c2\u6570\u548c\u53d8\u91cf\u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u547d\u4ee4\u66ff\u6362\u548c\u7b97\u672f\u6269\u5c55\u540c\u65f6\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u3002\r\nWord Splitting\r\nshell \u68c0\u6d4b\u4e0d\u5728\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u5f15\u7528\u4e2d\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u547d\u4ee4\u66ff\u6362\u548c\u7b97\u672f\u6269\u5c55\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c \u8fdb\u884c word splitting(\u8bcd\u7684\u62c6\u5206)\u3002\r\nshell \u5c06 IFS \u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u90fd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5b9a\u754c\u7b26\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b57\u7b26\u6765\u5c06\u5176\u4ed6\u6269\u5c55\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u5206\u6210\u8bcd\u3002\u5982\u679c IFS \u6ca1\u6709\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5b83\u7684\u503c\u662f\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684 &lt;space&gt;&lt;tab&gt;&lt;newline&gt;, \u90a3\u4e48 IFS\r\n\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u5e8f\u5217\u90fd\u5c06\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5206\u754c\u4e4b\u7528\u3002\u5982\u679c IFS \u7684\u503c\u662f\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8bcd\u5f00\u5934\u548c\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u7a7a\u767d\u5b57\u7b26 space \u548c tab \u90fd\u5c06\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u7a7a\u767d\u5b57\u7b26\u5728 IFS \u7684\u503c\u4e4b\u5185 (\u5373\uff0c IFS \u5305\u542b\u7a7a\u767d\u5b57\u7b26)\u3002 \u4efb\u4f55\u5728 IFS\r\n\u4e4b\u4e2d\u4f46\u662f\u4e0d\u662f IFS \u7a7a\u767d\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4efb\u4f55\u76f8\u90bb\u7684 IFS \u7a7a\u767d\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u5c06\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u5f00\u6765\u3002 IFS \u7a7a\u767d\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\u4e5f\u88ab\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5206\u754c\u7b26\u3002\u5982\u679c IFS \u7684\u503c\u662f\u7a7a\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u8bcd\u7684\u62c6\u5206\u3002\r\n\u663e\u5f0f\u7ed9\u51fa\u7684\u7a7a\u503c\u53c2\u6570 (\"\" \u6216 '') \u5c06\u88ab\u4fdd\u7559\u3002 \u9690\u542b\u7684\u7a7a\u503c\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\u7a7a\u503c\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u5f15\u7528\u5219\u5c06\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u7a7a\u503c\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u5728\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u5f15\u7528\u4e2d\u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u7a7a\u503c\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5c06\u88ab\u4fdd\u7559\u3002\r\n\u6ce8\u610f\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u53d1\u751f\u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8fdb\u884c\u8bcd\u7684\u62c6\u5206\u3002\r\nPathname Expansion\r\n\u8bcd\u7684\u62c6\u5206\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8fc7 -f \u9009\u9879\uff0c bash \u641c\u7d22\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8bcd\uff0c\u5bfb\u627e\u5b57\u7b26 *, ?, \u548c [. \u5982\u679c\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u5176\u4e2d\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u88ab\u5f53\u4f5c\u4e00\u4e2a pattern(\u6a21\u5f0f)\uff0c\r\n\u88ab\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u5339\u914d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u4ee5\u5b57\u6bcd\u987a\u5e8f\u6392\u5217\u7684\u5217\u8868\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u627e\u5230\u5339\u914d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\uff0c \u5e76\u4e14 shell \u7981\u7528\u4e86 nullglob \u9009\u9879\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u5c06\u4e0d\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86 nullglob\r\n\u9009\u9879\u5e76\u4e14\u6ca1\u6709\u627e\u5230\u5339\u914d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u5c06\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u3002\u5982\u679c\u542f\u7528\u4e86 nocaseglob \u9009\u9879\uff0c\u5339\u914d\u65f6\u5c06\u4e0d\u8003\u8651\u5b57\u6bcd\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u3002\u5f53\u6a21\u5f0f\u7528\u4f5c\u8def\u5f84\u540d\u6269\u5c55\u65f6\uff0c\u5b57\u7b26 ``.''\r\n\u5982\u679c\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u79f0\u7684\u5f00\u59cb\u6216\u8005\u7d27\u968f\u4e00\u4e2a\u659c\u6760\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5b83\u5fc5\u987b\u88ab\u663e\u5f0f\u5730\u5339\u914d\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86 dotglob shell \u9009\u9879\u3002\u5f53\u5339\u914d\u4e00\u4e2a\u8def\u5f84\u540d\u65f6\uff0c\u659c\u6760\u7b26\u5fc5\u987b\u88ab\u663e\u5f0f\u5730\u5339\u914d\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5b57\u7b26 ``.''\r\n\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u7279\u6b8a\u5bf9\u5f85\u3002\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u7684 shell \u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4(SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS) \u4e2d\u5bf9 shopt \u7684\u4ecb\u7ecd\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6709 shell \u9009\u9879 nocaseglob, nullglob, \u548c dotglob \u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\r\n\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf GLOBIGNORE \u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u9650\u5236\u5339\u914d pattern \u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u96c6\u5408\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86 GLOBIGNORE\uff0c \u6bcf\u4e2a\u5339\u914d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u5982\u679c\u5339\u914d GLOBIGNORE \u4e2d\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u8bdd\u5c06\u4ece\u5339\u914d\u7684\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u3002\u6587\u4ef6\u540d ``.'' \u548c\r\n``..'' \u603b\u662f\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86 GLOBIGNORE\u3002 \u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8bbe\u7f6e GLOBIGNORE \u548c\u542f\u7528 shell \u9009\u9879 dotglob \u6548\u679c\u662f\u76f8\u540c\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6240\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u4ee5 ``.'' \u5f00\u5934\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u5c06\u88ab\u5339\u914d\u3002\u8981\u5f97\u5230\u539f\u6765\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\r\n(\u5ffd\u7565\u6240\u6709\u4ee5 ``.'' \u5f00\u5934\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d)\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06 ``.*'' \u6dfb\u52a0\u4e3a GLOBIGNORE \u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u9009\u9879 dotglob \u88ab\u7981\u7528\uff0c\u5982\u679c GLOBIGNORE \u6ca1\u6709\u5b9a\u4e49\u65f6\u3002\r\nPattern Matching\r\n\u4efb\u4f55\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u4e0b\u9762\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u6a21\u5f0f\u5b57\u7b26\u5916\uff0c\u90fd\u5339\u914d\u5b83\u672c\u8eab\u3002 \u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u4e0d\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0 NUL \u5b57\u7b26\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8981\u5339\u914d\u5b57\u9762\u4e0a\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u6a21\u5f0f\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u5b83\u5fc5\u987b\u88ab\u5f15\u7528\u3002\r\n\u7279\u6b8a\u6a21\u5f0f\u5b57\u7b26\u6709\u4e0b\u8ff0\u610f\u4e49\uff1a\r\n* \u5339\u914d\u4efb\u4f55\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5305\u542b\u7a7a\u4e32\u3002\r\n? \u5339\u914d\u4efb\u4f55\u5355\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u3002\r\n[...] \u5339\u914d\u6240\u5305\u542b\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u5b57\u7b26\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fde\u5b57\u7b26 (`-') \u5206\u9694\u7684\u4e00\u5bf9\u5b57\u7b26\u610f\u601d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a range expression (\u8303\u56f4\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f)\uff1b \u4efb\u4f55\u6392\u5728\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u5b83\u4eec\uff0c\u90fd\u88ab\u5339\u914d\u3002\r\n\u6392\u5e8f\u4f7f\u7528\u5f53\u524d\u8bed\u8a00\u73af\u5883\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u987a\u5e8f\u548c\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u3002\u5982\u679c [ \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a ! \u6216\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a ^ \u90a3\u4e48\u4efb\u4f55\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u5728\u5185\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u5c06\u88ab\u5339\u914d\u3002\u8303\u56f4\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u4e2d\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u662f\u7531\u5f53\u524d\u8bed\u8a00\u73af\u5883 \u548c\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\r\nLC_COLLATE \u7684\u503c (\u5982\u679c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86\u7684\u8bdd) \u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a - \u53ea\u6709\u4f5c\u4e3a\u96c6\u5408\u4e2d\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u65f6\u624d\u80fd\u88ab\u5339\u914d\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a ] \u53ea\u6709\u662f\u96c6\u5408\u4e2d\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u65f6\u624d\u80fd\u88ab\u5339\u914d\u3002\r\n\u5728 [ \u548c ] \u4e2d\uff0ccharacter classes (\u5b57\u7b26\u7c7b) \u53ef\u4ee5\u7528 [:class:] \u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u6765\u6307\u5b9a\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc class \u662f\u5728 POSIX.2 \u6807\u51c6\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u4e0b\u5217\u7c7b\u540d\u4e4b\u4e00:\r\nalnum alpha ascii blank cntrl digit graph lower print punct space upper word xdigit\r\n\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u7c7b\u5339\u914d\u4efb\u4f55\u5c5e\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e00\u7c7b\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u3002word \u5b57\u7b26\u7c7b\u5339\u914d\u5b57\u6bcd\uff0c\u6570\u5b57\u548c\u5b57\u7b26 _\u3002\r\n\u5728 [ \u548c ] \u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528 [=c=] \u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u6765\u6307\u5b9a equivalence class (\u7b49\u4ef7\u7c7b)\u3002\u5b83\u5339\u914d\u4e0e\u5b57\u7b26 c \u6709\u76f8\u540c\u5f52\u5e76\u6743\u503c (collation weight\uff0c\u7531\u5f53\u524d \u8bed\u8a00\u73af\u5883\u5b9a\u4e49) \u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u3002\r\n\u5728 [ \u548c ] \u4e2d\uff0c\u8bed\u6cd5 [.symbol.] \u5339\u914d\u5f52\u5e76\u7b26\u53f7 (collating symbol) symbol\u3002\r\n\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4 shopt \u542f\u7528\u4e86 shell \u9009\u9879 extglob\uff0c \u5c06\u8bc6\u522b\u53e6\u5916\u51e0\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e2d\uff0cpattern-list \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a \u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u6a21\u5f0f\u4ee5 | \u5206\u9694\u7684\u5217\u8868\u3002\u590d\u5408\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u4e0b\u5217\u7684\r\n\u5b50\u6a21\u5f0f\u6784\u9020\u51fa\u6765\uff1a\r\n?(pattern-list)\r\n\u5339\u914d\u6240\u7ed9\u6a21\u5f0f\u96f6\u6b21\u6216\u4e00\u6b21\u51fa\u73b0\r\n*(pattern-list)\r\n\u5339\u914d\u6240\u7ed9\u6a21\u5f0f\u96f6\u6b21\u6216\u591a\u6b21\u51fa\u73b0\r\n+(pattern-list)\r\n\u5339\u914d\u6240\u7ed9\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e00\u6b21\u6216\u591a\u6b21\u51fa\u73b0\r\n@(pattern-list)\r\n\u51c6\u786e\u5339\u914d\u6240\u7ed9\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e4b\u4e00\r\n!(pattern-list)\r\n\u4efb\u4f55\u9664\u4e86\u5339\u914d\u6240\u7ed9\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e4b\u4e00\u7684\u5b57\u4e32\r\nQuote Removal\r\n\u7ecf\u8fc7\u524d\u9762\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u672a\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u5b57\u7b26 \\, ', \u4ee5\u53ca\u5e76\u975e\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6269\u5c55\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u5b57\u7b26 \" \u90fd\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u3002\r\n\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411(REDIRECTION)\r\n\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u524d\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u548c\u8f93\u51fa\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab redirected (\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411)\uff0c \u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u79cd shell \u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u8bb0\u6cd5\u3002\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u4e3a\u5f53\u524d shell \u6267\u884c\u73af\u5883\r\n\u6253\u5f00\u548c\u5173\u95ed\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u4e0b\u5217\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u53ef\u4ee5\u524d\u7f6e\u6216\u8005\u653e\u5728 simple command (\u7b80\u5355\u547d\u4ee4) \u4e4b\u4e2d\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u653e\u5728 command \u4e4b\u540e\u3002\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u662f\u4ee5\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406\u7684\uff0c\u4ece\u5de6\u5230\u53f3\u3002\r\n\u4e0b\u5217\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u662f &lt;, \u90a3\u4e48\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u6307\u7684\u662f\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165 (\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u662f 0)\u3002\u5982\u679c\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u662f &gt;, \u90a3\u4e48\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u6307\u7684\u662f\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa (\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u662f\r\n1)\u3002\r\n\u4e0b\u5217\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e2d\uff0c\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u8bcd\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u90fd\u8981\u7ecf\u8fc7 brace expansion, tilde expansion, parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic expansion, quote removal,\r\npathname expansion, \u8fd8\u6709 word splitting\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6269\u5c55\u4e3a\u591a\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bcd\uff0c bash \u5c06\u62a5\u9519\u3002\r\n\u6ce8\u610f\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u547d\u4ee4\r\nls &gt; dirlist 2&gt;&amp;1\r\n\u5c06\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u548c\u6807\u51c6\u9519\u8bef\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230\u6587\u4ef6 dirlist, \u800c\u547d\u4ee4\r\nls 2&gt;&amp;1 &gt; dirlist\r\n\u53ea\u4f1a\u5c06\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230\u6587\u4ef6 dirlist, \u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u88ab\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230\u6587\u4ef6 dirlist \u4e2d\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6807\u51c6\u9519\u8bef\u88ab\u590d\u5236\u4e3a\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\r\n\u4e00\u4e9b\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u5728\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u4e2d\u88ab bash \u7279\u6b8a\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u5982\u4e0b\u8868\u6240\u793a\uff1a\r\n\/dev\/fd\/fd\r\n\u5982\u679c fd \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u6574\u6570\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26 fd \u5c06\u88ab\u590d\u5236\u3002\r\n\/dev\/stdin\r\n\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26 0 \u88ab\u590d\u5236\u3002\r\n\/dev\/stdout\r\n\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26 1 \u88ab\u590d\u5236\u3002\r\n\/dev\/stderr\r\n\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26 2 \u88ab\u590d\u5236\u3002\r\n\/dev\/tcp\/host\/port\r\n\u5982\u679c host \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\u6216 Internet \u5730\u5740\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14 port \u662f \u4e00\u4e2a\u6574\u6570\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u6216\u670d\u52a1\u540d\uff0cbash \u8bd5\u56fe\u5efa\u7acb\u4e0e\u76f8\u5e94\u7684 socket (\u5957\u63a5\u5b57) \u7684 TCP \u8fde\u63a5\u3002\r\n\/dev\/udp\/host\/port\r\n\u5982\u679c host \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\u6216 Internet \u5730\u5740\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14 port \u662f \u4e00\u4e2a\u6574\u6570\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u6216\u670d\u52a1\u540d\uff0cbash \u8bd5\u56fe\u5efa\u7acb\u4e0e\u76f8\u5e94\u7684 socket (\u5957\u63a5\u5b57) \u7684 UDP \u8fde\u63a5\u3002\r\n\u6253\u5f00\u6216\u521b\u5efa\u6587\u4ef6\u9519\u8bef\u5c06\u5bfc\u81f4\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u51fa\u9519\u3002\r\nRedirecting Input\r\n\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u8f93\u5165\u4f7f\u5f97\u4ee5 word \u6269\u5c55\u7ed3\u679c\u4e3a\u540d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u88ab\u6253\u5f00\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26 n \u8bfb\u53d6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u6307\u5b9a n \u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165 (\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u4e3a 0) \u8bfb\u53d6\u3002\r\n\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u5f62\u5f0f\u662f\uff1a\r\n[n]&lt;word\r\nRedirecting Output\r\n\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u8f93\u51fa\u4f7f\u5f97\u4ee5 word \u6269\u5c55\u7ed3\u679c\u4e3a\u540d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u88ab\u6253\u5f00\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26 n \u5199\u5165\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u6307\u5b9a n \u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa (\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u4e3a 1) \u5199\u5165\u3002\r\n\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u5f62\u5f0f\u662f\uff1a\r\n[n]&gt;word\r\n\u5982\u679c\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u662f &gt;\uff0c \u5e76\u4e14\u542f\u7528\u4e86\u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4 set \u7684 noclobber \u9009\u9879\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5982\u679c word \u6269\u5c55\u540e\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u5b58\u5728\u5e76\u4e14\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u666e\u901a\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c \u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5c06\u5931\u8d25\u3002\u5982\u679c\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u662f &gt;|,\r\n\u6216\u8005\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u662f &gt; \u5e76\u4e14\u6ca1\u6709\u542f\u7528\u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4 set \u7684 noclobber \u9009\u9879\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5373\u4f7f word \u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5c1d\u8bd5\u8fdb\u884c\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u3002\r\nAppending Redirected Output (\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u540e\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u5c3e\u90e8)\r\n\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u4f7f\u5f97\u4ee5 word \u6269\u5c55\u7ed3\u679c\u4e3a\u540d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u88ab\u6253\u5f00\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26 n \u4ece\u5c3e\u90e8\u6dfb\u52a0\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u6307\u5b9a n \u5c31\u4f7f\u7528\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa (\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26 1)\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u88ab\u521b\u5efa\u3002\r\n\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u5f62\u5f0f\u662f\uff1a\r\n[n]&gt;&gt;word\r\nRedirecting Standard Output and Standard Error\r\nBash \u5141\u8bb8\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ed3\u6784\u5c06\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u548c\u6807\u51c6\u9519\u8bef (\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26 1 \u548c 2) \u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230\u4ee5 word \u6269\u5c55\u7ed3\u679c\u4e3a\u540d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u3002\r\n\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\/\u6807\u51c6\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff1a\r\n&amp;&gt;word\r\n\u8fd8\u6709\r\n&gt;&amp;word\r\n\u4e24\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u63a8\u8350\u4f7f\u7528\u7b2c\u4e00\u79cd\u3002\u5b83\u4e0e\r\n&gt;word 2&gt;&amp;1\r\n\u5728\u8bed\u4e49\u4e0a\u7b49\u4ef7\u3002\r\nHere Documents\r\n\u8fd9\u79cd\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u4f7f\u5f97 shell \u4ece\u5f53\u524d\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u8bfb\u53d6\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u9047\u5230\u4ec5\u5305\u542b word \u7684\u4e00\u884c (\u5e76\u4e14\u6ca1\u6709\u5c3e\u90e8\u7a7a\u767d\uff0ctrailing blanks) \u4e3a\u6b62\u3002\u76f4\u5230\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u884c\u88ab\u7528\u4f5c \u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u3002\r\nhere-document \u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u662f\uff1a\r\n&lt;&lt;[-]word\r\nhere-document\r\ndelimiter\r\n\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5bf9 word \u8fdb\u884c parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic expansion, \u6216\u8005 pathname expansion\u3002\u5982\u679c word \u4e2d\u4efb\u4f55\u5b57\u7b26\u662f\u5f15\u7528\u7684\uff0c delimiter \u5c06\u662f\u5bf9 word\r\n\u8fdb\u884c\u5f15\u7528\u5220\u9664\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0chere-document \u4e2d\u7684\u884c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u5982\u679c word \u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u5f15\u7528\uff0chere-documnet \u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u884c\u90fd\u8981\u7ecf\u8fc7 parameter expansion, command substitution, \u548c arithmetic expansion\u3002\r\n\u5728\u540e\u4e00\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5b57\u7b26\u5e8f\u5217 \\&lt;newline&gt; \u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\uff1b\u5fc5\u987b\u7528 \\ \u6765\u5f15\u7528\u5b57\u7b26 \\, $, \u548c `.\r\n\u5982\u679c\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u662f &lt;&lt;-, \u90a3\u4e48\u6240\u6709\u524d\u5bfc\u7684 tab \u5b57\u7b26\u90fd\u88ab\u4ece\u8f93\u5165\u884c\u548c\u5305\u542b delimiter \u7684\u884c\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u4f7f\u5f97 shell \u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u7684 here-document \u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7f29\u8fdb\u3002\r\nHere Strings\r\nhere-document \u7684\u53d8\u79cd\uff0c\u5f62\u5f0f\u662f\r\n&lt;&lt;&lt;word\r\nword \u88ab\u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u7ed9\u547d\u4ee4\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u3002\r\nDuplicating File Descriptors (\u590d\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26)\r\n\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\r\n[n]&lt;&amp;word\r\n\u7528\u4e8e\u590d\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u3002\u5982\u679c word \u6269\u5c55\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\uff0c n \u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u5c06\u6210\u4e3a\u90a3\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u7684\u590d\u5236\u3002\u5982\u679c word\r\n\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u5e76\u672a\u6307\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u88ab\u7528\u4e8e\u8bfb\u53d6\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\uff0c\u5c06\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u5982\u679c word \u6269\u5c55\u4e3a -, \u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26 n \u5c06\u88ab\u5173\u95ed\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u6307\u5b9a n\uff0c \u5c06\u4f7f\u7528\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165 (\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26 0)\u3002\r\n\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\uff0c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\r\n[n]&gt;&amp;word\r\n\u7528\u4e8e\u590d\u5236\u8f93\u51fa\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u6307\u5b9a n\uff0c \u5c06\u4f7f\u7528\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa (\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26 1)\u3002\u5982\u679c word \u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u5e76\u672a\u6307\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u88ab\u7528\u4e8e\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\uff0c\u5c06\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u9519\u8bef\u3002 \u7279\u6b8a\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\r\nn\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14 word \u5e76\u975e\u6269\u5c55\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\uff0c \u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u548c\u6807\u51c6\u9519\u8bef\u5c06\u88ab\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\uff0c\u548c\u524d\u9762\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u4e00\u6837\u3002\r\nMoving File Descriptors\r\n\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\r\n[n]&lt;&amp;digit-\r\n\u5c06\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26 digit \u79fb\u52a8\u4e3a\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26 n, \u6216\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165 (\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26 0)\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u6307\u5b9a n \u7684\u8bdd\u3002 digit \u590d\u5236\u4e3a n \u4e4b\u540e\u5c31\u88ab\u5173\u95ed\u4e86\u3002\r\n\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\uff0c\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\r\n[n]&gt;&amp;digit-\r\n\u5c06\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26 digit \u79fb\u52a8\u4e3a\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26 n, \u6216\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa (\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26 1)\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u6307\u5b9a n \u7684\u8bdd\u3002\r\nOpening File Descriptors for Reading and Writing\r\n\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\r\n[n]&lt;&gt;word\r\n\u4f7f\u5f97\u4ee5 word \u6269\u5c55\u7ed3\u679c\u4e3a\u540d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u88ab\u6253\u5f00\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26 n \u8fdb\u884c\u8bfb\u5199\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u6307\u5b9a n \u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u4f7f\u7528\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26 0\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u88ab\u521b\u5efa\u3002\r\n\u522b\u540d(ALIASES)\r\nAliases (\u522b\u540d\u673a\u5236) \u5141\u8bb8\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bcd\u6765\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5b83\u662f \u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bcd\u7684\u8bdd\u3002shell \u8bb0\u5f55\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a\u522b\u540d\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 \u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4 alias \u548c unalias \u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\u548c\u53d6\u6d88 (\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\r\nshell \u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4(SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS) \u7ae0\u8282)\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bcd\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u5f15\u7528\uff0c\u90fd\u5c06\u88ab\u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u522b\u540d\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u5c06\u88ab\u5b83\u6240\u6307\u4ee3\u7684\u6587\u672c\u66ff\u6362\u3002\u522b\u540d\u548c\u66ff\u6362\u7684\u6587\u672c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u542b\u4efb\u4f55\u6709\u6548\r\n\u7684 shell \u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u4e0a\u9762\u5217\u51fa\u7684 metacharacters (\u5143\u5b57\u7b26) \uff0c\u7279\u6b8a\u60c5\u51b5\u662f\u522b\u540d\u4e2d\u4e0d\u80fd\u5305\u542b =\u3002\u66ff\u6362\u6587\u672c\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bcd\u4e5f\u88ab\u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\r\n\u662f\u522b\u540d\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5982\u679c\u5b83\u4e0e\u88ab\u66ff\u6362\u7684\u522b\u540d\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u518d\u66ff\u6362\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528 ls \u4f5c\u4e3a ls -F \u7684\u522b\u540d\uff0c bash \u4e0d\u4f1a\u9012\u5f52\u5730\u5c55\u5f00\u66ff\u6362\u6587\u672c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u522b\u540d\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u662f blank,\r\n\u90a3\u4e48\u547d\u4ee4\u4e2d\u522b\u540d\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bcd\u4e5f\u5c06\u88ab\u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u8fdb\u884c\u522b\u540d\u5c55\u5f00\u3002\r\n\u522b\u540d\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 alias \u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u6216\u5217\u4e3e\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 unalias \u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u5220\u9664\u3002\r\n\u5728\u66ff\u6362\u6587\u672c\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u53c2\u6570\u673a\u5236\u3002\u5982\u679c\u9700\u8981\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5e94\u5f53\u4f7f\u7528 shell \u51fd\u6570 (\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u7684 FUNCTIONS (\u51fd\u6570) \u6bb5\u843d)\u3002\r\n\u5982\u679c shell \u4e0d\u662f\u4ea4\u4e92\u7684\uff0c\u522b\u540d\u5c06\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5c55\u5f00\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4 shopt \u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86 expand_aliases \u9009\u9879\u3002\r\n\u5173\u4e8e\u522b\u540d\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u4e2d\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u6bd4\u8f83\u6df7\u4e71\u3002 Bash \u5728\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u884c\u4e2d\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u603b\u662f\u8bfb\u5165\u81f3\u5c11\u5b8c\u6574\u4e00\u884c\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u3002 \u522b\u540d\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u88ab\u8bfb\u53d6\u65f6\u5c55\u5f00\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u6267\u884c\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u522b\u540d\u5b9a\u4e49\u5982\u679c\r\n\u548c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u884c\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8d77\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u8bfb\u5165\u4e86\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c\u3002 \u522b\u540d\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u540c\u4e00\u884c\u4e2d\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d7\u65b0\u7684\u522b\u540d\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a \u5728\u51fd\u6570\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u5b58\u5728\u4e89\u8bae\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u522b\u540d\u66ff\u6362\u662f\u5728\u51fd\u6570\u5b9a\u4e49\u88ab\u8bfb\u53d6\u65f6\u53d1\u751f\u7684\uff0c\r\n\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u51fd\u6570\u88ab\u6267\u884c\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u51fd\u6570\u5b9a\u4e49\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u590d\u5408\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c \u5728\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u522b\u540d\u53ea\u6709\u5f53\u8fd9\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u6267\u884c\u5b8c\u624d\u4f1a\u751f\u6548\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u9669\u8d77\u89c1\uff0c\r\n\u5e94\u5f53\u603b\u662f\u5c06\u522b\u540d\u5b9a\u4e49\u653e\u5728\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u4e00\u884c\uff0c\u4e0d\u5728\u590d\u5408\u547d\u4ee4\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528 alias\u3002\r\n\u4e0d\u7ba1\u4ec0\u4e48\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u522b\u540d\u90fd\u88ab shell \u51fd\u6570\u8d85\u8d8a (be superseded)\u3002\r\n\u51fd\u6570(FUNCTIONS)\r\n\u4e00\u4e2a shell \u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0a\u9762 SHELL GRAMMAR \u4e2d\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u4fdd\u5b58\u7740\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u7b49\u5f85\u7a0d\u540e\u6267\u884c\u3002 \u5f53 shell \u51fd\u6570\u540d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u4f7f\u7528\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u540d\u5173\u8054\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u5e8f\u5217 \u88ab\u6267\u884c\u3002\u51fd\u6570\u5728\u5f53\u524d\r\nshell \u7684\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u6267\u884c\uff1b\u4e0d\u4f1a\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6765 \u89e3\u91ca\u5b83\u4eec (\u8fd9\u4e0e shell \u811a\u672c\u7684\u6267\u884c\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u5bf9\u6bd4)\u3002\u5f53\u6267\u884c\u51fd\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u51fd\u6570 \u7684\u53c2\u6570\u6210\u4e3a\u6267\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570 (positional parameters)\u3002\u7279\u6b8a\u53c2\u6570 #\r\n\u88ab\u66f4\u65b0\u4ee5\u53cd\u6620\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570 0 \u4e0d\u4f1a\u6539\u53d8\u3002\u51fd\u6570\u6267\u884c\u65f6\uff0c FUNCNAME \u53d8\u91cf\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u3002\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u5b83\u7684\u8c03\u7528\u8005\u5728 shell \u6267\u884c\u73af\u5883\u7684\u6240\u6709 \u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u9762\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u6837\u7684\uff0c\u7279\u6b8a\u60c5\u51b5\u662f DEBUG \u9677\u9631\r\n(\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u5bf9\u5185\u5efa\u51fd\u6570 trap \u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u5728 shell \u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4(SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS) \u7ae0\u8282\u4e2d) \u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u7ee7\u627f\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u51fd\u6570\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86 trace \u5c5e\u6027 (\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u5bf9\u5185\u5efa\u51fd\u6570 declare \u7684\u63cf\u8ff0)\u3002\r\n\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u7684\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4 local \u6765\u58f0\u660e\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53d8\u91cf\u548c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u503c\u5728\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u5b83\u7684\u8c03\u7528\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u662f\u5171\u4eab\u7684\u3002\r\n\u5982\u679c\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u6267\u884c\u4e86\u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4 return\uff0c \u90a3\u4e48\u51fd\u6570\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u4ece\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u5f00\u59cb\u3002 \u51fd\u6570\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\uff0c\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u503c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7279\u6b8a\u53c2\u6570 # \u90fd\u5c06\u91cd\u7f6e\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u51fd\u6570\u6267\u884c\u524d\u7684\u503c\u3002\r\n\u51fd\u6570\u540d\u548c\u5b9a\u4e49\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4 declare \u6216 typeset \u52a0\u4e0a -f \u53c2\u6570\u6765\u5217\u51fa\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728 declare \u6216 typeset \u547d\u4ee4\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528 -F \u9009\u9879\u5c06\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u51fd\u6570\u540d\u3002\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4 export \u52a0\u4e0a -f\r\n\u53c2\u6570\u5bfc\u51fa\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5b50 shell \u4e2d\u5b83\u4eec\u88ab\u81ea\u52a8\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002\r\n\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u9012\u5f52\u7684\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9012\u5f52\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u6b21\u6570\u6ca1\u6709\u786c\u6027\u9650\u5236\u3002\r\n\u7b97\u672f\u6c42\u503c(\"ARITHMETIC EVALUATION\")\r\n\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\uff0cshell \u5141\u8bb8\u8fdb\u884c\u7b97\u672f\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7684\u6c42\u503c (\u53c2\u89c1\u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4 let \u548c Arithmetic Expansion (\u7b97\u672f\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f))\u3002 \u6c42\u503c\u4f7f\u7528\u56fa\u5b9a\u5bbd\u5ea6\u7684\u6574\u6570\uff0c\u4e0d\u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u6ea2\u51fa\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u88ab\u96f6\u9664\u4f1a\u88ab\u6355\u83b7\uff0c\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3a\u9519\u8bef\u3002\r\n\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u53ca\u5176\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u548c\u805a\u5408\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0e C \u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u4e0b\u5217\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u7684\u5217\u8868\u6309\u7167\u76f8\u540c \u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u5176\u7ea7\u522b\u6765\u5206\u7ec4\u3002\u5217\u51fa\u7684\u7ea7\u522b\u987a\u5e8f\u662f\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u9012\u51cf\u7684\u3002\r\nid++ id--\r\n\u53d8\u91cf\u81ea\u589e\/\u81ea\u51cf (\u5728\u540e)\r\n++id --id\r\n\u53d8\u91cf\u81ea\u589e\/\u81ea\u51cf (\u5728\u524d)\r\n- + (\u5355\u76ee\u7684) \u53d6\u8d1f\/\u53d6\u6b63\r\n! ~ \u903b\u8f91\u548c\u4f4d\u53d6\u53cd\r\n** \u4e58\u5e42\r\n* \/ % \u4e58\uff0c\u9664\uff0c\u53d6\u4f59\r\n+ - \u52a0\uff0c\u51cf\r\n&lt;&lt; &gt;&gt; \u5de6\/\u53f3\u4f4d\u79fb\r\n&lt;= &gt;= &lt; &gt;\r\n\u6bd4\u8f83\r\n== != \u76f8\u7b49\/\u4e0d\u7b49\r\n&amp; \u4f4d\u4e0e (AND)\r\n^ \u4f4d\u5f02\u6216 (exclusive OR)\r\n| \u4f4d\u6216 (OR)\r\n&amp;&amp; \u903b\u8f91\u4e0e (AND)\r\n|| \u903b\u8f91\u6216 (OR)\r\nexpr?expr:expr\r\n\u6761\u4ef6\u6c42\u503c\r\n= *= \/= %= += -= &lt;&lt;= &gt;&gt;= &amp;= ^= |=\r\n\u8d4b\u503c\r\nexpr1 , expr2\r\n\u9017\u53f7\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\r\nshell \u53d8\u91cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\uff1b\u5728\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u6c42\u503c\u4e4b\u524d\u4f1a\u8fdb\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u6269\u5c55\u3002 \u5728\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u540d\u79f0\u5f15\u7528 shell \u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u4e0d\u5fc5\u4f7f\u7528\u53c2\u6570\u6269\u5c55\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u3002 \u53d8\u91cf\u88ab\u5f15\u7528\u65f6\uff0c\u5176\u503c\u88ab\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7b97\u672f\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u6765\u6c42\u503c\u3002 shell\r\n\u53d8\u91cf\u7528\u4e8e\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u4e2d\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u5fc5\u542f\u7528\u6574\u6570\u5c5e\u6027\u3002\r\n\u4ee5 0 \u4e3a\u524d\u5bfc\u7684\u5e38\u91cf\u88ab\u5f53\u4f5c\u516b\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\uff0c\u4ee5 0x \u6216 0X \u4f5c\u4e3a\u524d\u5bfc\u8868\u660e\u662f\u5341\u516d\u8fdb\u5236\u3002 \u5176\u4ed6\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u662f [base#]n\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc base \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a 2 \u5230 64 \u7684\u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\u503c\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u57fa\u6570\uff0cn\r\n\u662f\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u57fa\u6570\u4e2d\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u503c\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86 base#\uff0c\u5c06\u4ee5 10 \u4e3a\u57fa\u6570\u3002\u5927\u4e8e 10 \u7684\u6570\u5b57\u4f9d\u6b21\u4ee5\u5c0f\u5199\u5b57\u6bcd\uff0c \u5927\u5199\u5b57\u6bcd\uff0c@ \u548c _ \u8868\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c base \u5c0f\u4e8e\u6216\u7b49\u4e8e 36\uff0c\u5728\u8868\u793a 10 \u4e0e 35 \u4e4b\u95f4\r\n\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u65f6\u5c0f\u5199\u5b57\u6bcd\u548c\u5927\u5199\u5b57\u6bcd\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e92\u6362\u3002\r\n\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u6839\u636e\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u987a\u5e8f\u8fdb\u884c\u6c42\u503c\u3002\u5706\u62ec\u53f7\u4e2d\u7684\u5b50\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u88ab\u6700\u5148\u6c42\u503c\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a \u8d85\u8d8a\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u89c4\u5219\u3002\r\n\u6761\u4ef6\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f(\"CONDITIONAL EXPRESSIONS\")\r\n\u6761\u4ef6\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7528\u4e8e [[ \u590d\u5408\u547d\u4ee4\u4ee5\u53ca\u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4 test \u548c [ \u4e2d\uff0c \u7528\u6765\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6587\u4ef6\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u548c\u7b97\u672f\u6bd4\u8f83\u3002\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u5355\u76ee\u6216\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u64cd\u4f5c\u6784\u9020\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u67d0\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u4efb\u4f55 file \u53c2\u6570\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u662f\r\n\/dev\/fd\/n\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c06\u68c0\u67e5 \u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26 n\u3002\u5982\u679c\u67d0\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684 file \u53c2\u6570\u662f \/dev\/stdin\uff0c \/dev\/stdout \u6216\u8005 \/dev\/stderr \u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u5c06\u5206\u522b\u68c0\u67e5\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26 0\uff0c1 \u548c 2\u3002\r\n-a file\r\n\u5982\u679c file \u5b58\u5728\u5219\u4e3a\u771f\u3002\r\n-b file\r\n\u5982\u679c file \u5b58\u5728\u4e14\u4e3a\u5757\u8bbe\u5907\u5219\u4e3a\u771f\u3002\r\n-c file\r\n\u5982\u679c file \u5b58\u5728\u4e14\u4e3a\u5b57\u7b26\u8bbe\u5907\u5219\u4e3a\u771f\u3002\r\n-d file\r\n\u5982\u679c file \u5b58\u5728\u4e14\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u5219\u4e3a\u771f\u3002\r\n-e file\r\n\u5982\u679c file \u5b58\u5728\u5219\u4e3a\u771f\u3002\r\n-f file\r\n\u5982\u679c file \u5b58\u5728\u4e14\u4e3a\u666e\u901a\u6587\u4ef6\u5219\u4e3a\u771f\u3002\r\n-g file\r\n\u5982\u679c file \u5b58\u5728\u4e14\u662f\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7ec4ID\u7684 (sgid) \u5219\u4e3a\u771f\u3002\r\n-h file\r\n\u5982\u679c file \u5b58\u5728\u4e14\u4e3a\u7b26\u53f7\u94fe\u63a5\u5219\u4e3a\u771f\u3002\r\n-k file\r\n\u5982\u679c file \u5b58\u5728\u4e14\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86 ``sticky'' \u4f4d (\u7c98\u6ede\u4f4d) \u5219\u4e3a\u771f\u3002\r\n-p file\r\n\u5982\u679c file \u5b58\u5728\u4e14\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u540d\u7ba1\u9053 (FIFO) \u5219\u4e3a\u771f\u3002\r\n-r file\r\n\u5982\u679c file \u5b58\u5728\u4e14\u53ef\u8bfb\u5219\u4e3a\u771f\u3002\r\n-s file\r\n\u5982\u679c file \u5b58\u5728\u4e14\u5927\u5c0f\u5927\u4e8e\u96f6\u5219\u4e3a\u771f\u3002\r\n-t fd \u5982\u679c\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26 fd \u662f\u6253\u5f00\u7684\u4e14\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec8\u7aef\u5219\u4e3a\u771f\u3002\r\n-u file\r\n\u5982\u679c file \u5b58\u5728\u4e14\u662f\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7528\u6237ID\u7684 (suid) \u5219\u4e3a\u771f\u3002\r\n-w file\r\n\u5982\u679c file \u5b58\u5728\u4e14\u53ef\u5199\u5219\u4e3a\u771f\u3002\r\n-x file\r\n\u5982\u679c file \u5b58\u5728\u4e14\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u5219\u4e3a\u771f\u3002\r\n-O file\r\n\u5982\u679c file \u5b58\u5728\u4e14\u4e3a\u6709\u6548\u7528\u6237ID\u6240\u62e5\u6709\u5219\u4e3a\u771f\u3002\r\n-G file\r\n\u5982\u679c file \u5b58\u5728\u4e14\u4e3a\u6709\u6548\u7ec4ID\u6240\u62e5\u6709\u5219\u4e3a\u771f\u3002\r\n-L file\r\n\u5982\u679c file \u5b58\u5728\u4e14\u4e3a\u7b26\u53f7\u94fe\u63a5\u5219\u4e3a\u771f\u3002\r\n-S file\r\n\u5982\u679c file \u5b58\u5728\u4e14\u4e3a\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u5219\u4e3a\u771f\u3002\r\n-N file\r\n\u5982\u679c file \u5b58\u5728\u4e14\u4e0a\u6b21\u8bfb\u53d6\u540e\u88ab\u4fee\u6539\u8fc7\u5219\u4e3a\u771f\u3002\r\nfile1 -nt file2\r\n\u5982\u679c file1 \u6bd4 file2 \u8981\u65b0 (\u6839\u636e\u4fee\u6539\u65e5\u671f)\uff0c\u6216\u8005 \u5982\u679c file1 \u5b58\u5728\u800c file2 \u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5219\u4e3a\u771f\u3002\r\nfile1 -ot file2\r\n\u5982\u679c file1 \u6bd4 file2 \u66f4\u65e7\uff0c\u6216\u8005 \u5982\u679c file1 \u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u800c file2 \u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5219\u4e3a\u771f\u3002\r\nfile1 -ef file2\r\n\u5982\u679c file1 \u548c file2 \u6307\u7684\u662f\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\u548c inode \u53f7\u5219\u4e3a\u771f\u3002\r\n-o optname\r\n\u5982\u679c\u542f\u7528\u4e86 shell \u9009\u9879 optname \u5219\u4e3a\u771f\u3002\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u5bf9\u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4 set \u7684 -o \u9009\u9879\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e2d\u7684\u9009\u9879\u5217\u8868\u3002\r\n-z string\r\n\u5982\u679c string \u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 0 \u5219\u4e3a\u771f\u3002\r\n-n string\r\nstring \u5982\u679c string \u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u975e 0 \u5219\u4e3a\u771f\u3002\r\nstring1 == string2\r\n\u5982\u679c\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u76f8\u7b49\u5219\u4e3a\u771f\u3002= \u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u4f7f\u7528 == \u7684\u573a\u5408\u6765\u517c\u5bb9 POSIX \u89c4\u8303\u3002\r\nstring1 != string2\r\n\u5982\u679c\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e0d\u76f8\u7b49\u5219\u4e3a\u771f\u3002\r\nstring1 &lt; string2\r\n\u5982\u679c string1 \u5728\u5f53\u524d\u8bed\u8a00\u73af\u5883\u7684\u5b57\u5178\u987a\u5e8f\u4e2d\u6392\u5728 string2 \u4e4b\u524d\u5219\u4e3a\u771f\u3002\r\nstring1 &gt; string2\r\n\u5982\u679c string1 \u5728\u5f53\u524d\u8bed\u8a00\u73af\u5883\u7684\u5b57\u5178\u987a\u5e8f\u4e2d\u6392\u5728 string2 \u4e4b\u540e\u5219\u4e3a\u771f\u3002\r\narg1 OP arg2\r\nOP \u662f -eq, -ne, -lt, -le, -gt, \u6216 -ge \u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7b97\u672f\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u64cd\u4f5c\u8fd4\u56de\u771f\uff0c\u5982\u679c arg1 \u4e0e arg2 \u5206\u522b\u662f \u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u4e0d\u7b49\uff0c\u5c0f\u4e8e\uff0c\u5c0f\u4e8e\u6216\u7b49\u4e8e\uff0c\u5927\u4e8e\uff0c\u5927\u4e8e\u6216\u7b49\u4e8e\u5173\u7cfb\u3002 Arg1 \u548c arg2\r\n\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u6b63\/\u8d1f\u6574\u6570\u3002\r\n\u7b80\u5355\u547d\u4ee4\u6269\u5c55(\"SIMPLE COMMAND EXPANSION\")\r\n\u5f53\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u547d\u4ee4\u65f6\uff0cshell \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u5217\u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u8d4b\u503c\u548c\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\uff0c\u4ece\u5de6\u5230\u53f3\u3002\r\n1. \u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3a\u4e0e\u53d8\u91cf\u8d4b\u503c (\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u4e4b\u524d\u7684) \u548c\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u6709\u5173\u7684\u8bcd\u88ab\u4fdd\u5b58\u7b49\u5f85\u968f\u540e\u5904\u7406\u3002\r\n2. \u5e76\u975e\u53d8\u91cf\u8d4b\u503c\u6216\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u7684\u8bcd\u88ab\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6269\u5c55\u540e\u4ecd\u7136\u6709\u8bcd\u4fdd\u7559\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bcd\u88ab \u4f5c\u4e3a\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\uff0c\u5176\u4f59\u8bcd\u662f\u53c2\u6570\u3002\r\n3. \u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u6309\u7167\u4e0a\u9762 REDIRECTION \u4e2d\u8bb2\u5230\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u8fdb\u884c\u3002\r\n4. \u6bcf\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u8d4b\u503c\u4e2d = \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6587\u672c\u5728\u8d4b\u4e88\u53d8\u91cf\u4e4b\u524d\u8981\u7ecf\u8fc7\u6ce2\u6d6a\u7ebf\u6269\u5c55\uff0c \u53c2\u6570\u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u547d\u4ee4\u66ff\u6362\uff0c\u7b97\u672f\u6269\u5c55\u548c\u5f15\u7528\u5220\u9664\u3002\r\n\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u5f97\u5230\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\uff0c\u53d8\u91cf\u8d4b\u503c\u5f71\u54cd\u5f53\u524d shell \u73af\u5883\u3002\u5426\u5219\uff0c\u53d8\u91cf\u88ab\u52a0\u5165 \u88ab\u6267\u884c\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0d\u5f71\u54cd\u5f53\u524d shell \u73af\u5883\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4efb\u4f55\u8d4b\u503c\u52a8\u4f5c\u8bd5\u56fe\r\n\u4e3a\u53ea\u8bfb\u53d8\u91cf\u8d4b\u503c\uff0c\u5c06\u5bfc\u81f4\u51fa\u9519\uff0c\u547d\u4ee4\u4ee5\u975e\u96f6\u72b6\u6001\u503c\u9000\u51fa\u3002\r\n\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u5f97\u5230\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\uff0c\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u4ecd\u4f1a\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e0d\u5f71\u54cd\u5f53\u524d shell \u73af\u5883\u3002 \u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u51fa\u9519\u5c06\u4f7f\u547d\u4ee4\u4ee5\u975e\u96f6\u72b6\u6001\u503c\u9000\u51fa\u3002\r\n\u5982\u679c\u6269\u5c55\u540e\u6709\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u4fdd\u7559\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6267\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\u3002\u5426\u5219\uff0c\u547d\u4ee4\u9000\u51fa\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u6269\u5c55\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u547d\u4ee4\u66ff\u6362\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6574\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001\u662f\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\r\n\u66ff\u6362\u7684\u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u8fdb\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u66ff\u6362\uff0c\u547d\u4ee4\u4ee5\u72b6\u6001\u96f6\u9000\u51fa\u3002\r\n\u547d\u4ee4\u6267\u884c(COMMAND EXECUTION)\r\n\u547d\u4ee4\u88ab\u62c6\u5206\u4e3a\u8bcd\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u547d\u4ee4\u548c\u53ef\u9009\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u5c06\u6267\u884c \u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\r\n\u5982\u679c\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u659c\u6760\uff0cshell \u8bd5\u56fe\u5b9a\u4f4d\u547d\u4ee4\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5b58\u5728\u540c\u540d\u7684 shell \u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u51fd\u6570\u5c06\u88ab\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u50cf\u4e0a\u9762 FUNCTIONS \u4e2d\u8bb2\u5230\u7684\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u5982\u679c\u540d\u79f0\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\uff0cshell \u4ece \u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4\u4e2d\u641c\u7d22\u5b83\u3002\u5982\u679c\u627e\u5230\r\n\u5bf9\u5e94\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u88ab\u6267\u884c\u3002\r\n\u5982\u679c\u540d\u79f0\u65e2\u4e0d\u662f shell \u51fd\u6570\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6ca1\u6709\u5305\u542b\u659c\u6760\uff0c bash \u641c\u7d22 PATH \u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6210\u5458\uff0c\u67e5\u627e\u542b\u6709\u6b64\u6587\u4ef6\u540d (\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6) \u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u3002 Bash \u4f7f\u7528\u6563\u5217\u8868\u6765\u50a8\u5b58\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5168\u8def\u5f84\r\n(\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u7684 shell \u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4(SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS) \u4e2d\u7684 hash\u3002 \u53ea\u6709\u5728\u6563\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u627e\u5230\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u624d\u5bf9 PATH \u8fdb\u884c\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u641c\u7d22\u3002\u5982\u679c\u641c\u7d22\u4e0d\u6210\u529f\uff0cshell \u8f93\u51fa\u9519\u8bef\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001 127\u3002\r\n\u5982\u679c\u641c\u7d22\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u547d\u4ee4\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u659c\u6760\uff0cshell \u5728\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u6267\u884c\u73af\u5883\u4e2d \u6267\u884c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u53c2\u6570 0 \u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u6240\u7ed9\u540d\u79f0\uff1b\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u53c2\u6570\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u6240\u7ed9\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c \u5982\u679c\u6709\u7684\u8bdd\u3002\r\n\u5982\u679c\u6267\u884c\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u662f\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u683c\u5f0f\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6b64\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u662f\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u5c31\u5047\u5b9a\u5b83\u662f \u4e00\u4e2a shell script (\u811a\u672c)\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u542b shell \u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\u5c06\u5b75\u5316 (spawn) \u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50 shell \u6765\u6267\u884c\u5b83\u3002\u5b50 shell\r\n\u91cd\u65b0\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u81ea\u8eab\uff0c\u6548\u679c\u5c31\u597d\u50cf\u662f \u6267\u884c\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684 shell \u6765\u5904\u7406\u811a\u672c\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u7236 shell \u4fdd\u5b58\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4ecd\u7136\u88ab \u4fdd\u7559 (\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u7684 shell \u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4(SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS) \u4e2d\u7684 hash)\u3002\r\n\u5982\u679c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u662f\u4ee5 #! \u5f00\u5934\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u7684\u5176\u4f59\u90e8\u5206\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u3002 shell \u6267\u884c\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0d\u4f1a\u81ea\u884c\u5904\u7406\u8fd9\u79cd\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u8bdd\u3002\r\n\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u7531\u4e0b\u9762\u4e09\u90e8\u5206\u7ec4\u6210\uff1a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u4e2d\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u540d\u79f0\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u53ef\u9009\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\uff0c \u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u540d\u79f0\uff0c\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6709\u7684\u8bdd\u3002\r\n\u547d\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u73af\u5883(COMMAND EXECUTION ENVIRONMENT)\r\nshell \u6709 execution environment (\u6267\u884c\u73af\u5883) \u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u7531\u4e0b\u5217\u5185\u5bb9\u7ec4\u6210\uff1a\r\n\u00b7 shell \u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u6253\u5f00\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4 exec \u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411 \u4fee\u6539\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\r\n\u00b7 \u5f53\u524d\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 cd\uff0cpushd \u6216\u8005 popd \u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u7531 shell \u5728\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u7ee7\u627f\u5f97\u5230\r\n\u00b7 \u6587\u4ef6\u521b\u5efa\u6a21\u5f0f\u63a9\u7801\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 umask \u8bbe\u7f6e\u6216\u662f\u4ece shell \u7684\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7ee7\u627f\u5f97\u5230\r\n\u00b7 \u5f53\u524d\u9677\u9631\uff0c\u7528 trap \u8bbe\u7f6e\r\n\u00b7 shell \u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u53d8\u91cf\u8d4b\u503c\u6216\u8005 set \u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662f\u4ece\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u7ee7\u627f\u5f97\u5230\r\n\u00b7 shell \u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5728\u6267\u884c\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u6216\u8005\u662f\u4ece\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u7ee7\u627f\u5f97\u5230\r\n\u00b7 \u8bbe\u4e3a\u5141\u8bb8\u7684\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u5728\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u8bbe\u7f6e (\u8981\u4e48\u662f\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5141\u8bb8\u7684\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u662f\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u7ed9\u51fa\u7684) \u6216\u8005\u662f \u7528 set \u8bbe\u7f6e\r\n\u00b7 \u7528 shopt \u8bbe\u4e3a\u5141\u8bb8\u7684\u9009\u9879\r\n\u00b7 \u7528 alias \u5b9a\u4e49\u7684 shell \u522b\u540d\r\n\u00b7 \u5404\u79cd\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53f7\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u540e\u53f0\u4f5c\u4e1a\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53f7\uff0c$$ \u7684\u503c\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca $PPID \u7684\u503c\r\n\u5f53\u5e76\u975e shell \u51fd\u6570\u6216\u5185\u7f6e\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u547d\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u7531\u4e0b\u8ff0\u5185\u5bb9\u7ec4\u6210\u7684 \u5355\u72ec\u7684\u6267\u884c\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u542f\u52a8\u3002\u9664\u975e\u53e6\u5916\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u503c\u90fd\u662f\u4ece shell \u4e2d\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u3002\r\n\u00b7 shell \u6253\u5f00\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0a\u5bf9\u547d\u4ee4\u4f7f\u7528\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u4fee\u6539\u548c\u6dfb\u52a0\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\r\n\u00b7 \u5f53\u524d\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55\r\n\u00b7 \u6587\u4ef6\u521b\u5efa\u6a21\u5f0f\u63a9\u7801\r\n\u00b7 \u6807\u8bb0\u4e3a\u5bfc\u51fa (export) \u7684 shell \u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f20\u9012\u5230\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u5bfc\u51fa\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\r\n\u00b7 shell \u6355\u6349\u7684\u9677\u9631\u88ab\u91cd\u7f6e\u4e3a\u4ece shell \u7684\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u503c\uff0cshell \u5ffd\u7565\u7684\u9677\u9631 \u4e5f\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\r\n\u5728\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u542f\u52a8\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u80fd\u5f71\u54cd shell \u7684\u6267\u884c\u73af\u5883\u3002\r\n\u547d\u4ee4\u66ff\u6362\u548c\u5f02\u6b65\u547d\u4ee4\u90fd\u5728\u5b50 shell \u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u6267\u884c\u3002\u5b50 shell \u73af\u5883\u662f\u539f\u6709 shell \u73af\u5883\u7684\u8d4b\u503c\uff0c\u4f46 shell \u6355\u6349\u7684\u9677\u9631\u88ab\u91cd\u7f6e\u4e3a shell \u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u4ece\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u503c\u3002\r\n\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7ba1\u9053\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u6765\u6267\u884c\u7684\u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4\u4e5f\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50 shell \u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u6267\u884c\u3002\u5bf9\u5b50 shell \u73af\u5883\u6240\u4f5c\u4fee\u6539\u4e0d\u80fd\u5f71\u54cd\u5230\u539f\u6709 shell \u7684\u6267\u884c\u73af\u5883\u3002\r\n\u5982\u679c\u547d\u4ee4\u540e\u9762\u662f &amp; \u5e76\u4e14\u6ca1\u6709\u542f\u7528\u4f5c\u4e1a\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u5c06\u662f\u7a7a\u6587\u4ef6 \/dev\/null\u3002\u5426\u5219\uff0c\u88ab\u6267\u884c\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4ece\u8c03\u7528\u5b83\u7684 shell \u4e2d\u7ee7\u627f\u88ab\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u4fee\u6539\u7684 \u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u3002\r\n\u73af\u5883(ENVIRONMENT)\r\n\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6267\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u88ab\u8d4b\u4e88\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u73af\u5883 environment\u3002 \u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a \u540d\u79f0-\u503c\u5bf9 (name-value) \u7684\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u5f62\u5f0f\u662f name=value.\r\nshell \u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u591a\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u73af\u5883\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\uff0cshell \u626b\u63cf\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u627e\u5230 \u7684\u540d\u5b57\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u81ea\u52a8\u5730\u5c06\u5b83\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3a export (\u5411\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5bfc\u51fa\u7684)\u3002\u88ab\u6267\u884c\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u7ee7\u627f\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u73af\u5883\u3002 export \u548c\r\ndeclare -x \u547d\u4ee4\u5141\u8bb8\u53c2\u6570\u548c\u51fd\u6570\u88ab\u52a0\u5165\u5230\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u6216\u4ece\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u3002\u5982\u679c\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u503c \u88ab\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u65b0\u503c\u6210\u4e3a\u73af\u5883\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u66ff\u6362\u4e86\u65e7\u503c\u3002\u6240\u6709\u88ab\u6267\u884c\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u73af\u5883 \u5305\u542b shell \u7684\u521d\u59cb\u73af\u5883\r\n(\u53ef\u80fd\u503c\u88ab\u4fee\u6539\u8fc7)\uff0c\u51cf\u53bb\u88ab unset \u547d\u4ee4\u5220\u9664\u7684\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0a\u901a\u8fc7 export \u548c declare -x \u547d\u4ee4\u6dfb\u52a0\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u3002\r\n\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4efb\u4f55 simple command \u6216\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u8bbe\u5b9a\u6682\u65f6\u6709\u6548\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u5c06\u53c2\u6570\u8d4b\u503c\u653e\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u524d\u9762\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e86\uff0c \u53c2\u89c1\u4e0a\u9762 PARAMETERS \u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8d4b\u503c\u8bed\u53e5\u53ea\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u6709\u6548\u3002\r\n\u5982\u679c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86\u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4 set \u7684 -k \u9009\u9879\uff0c \u6240\u6709\u7684 \u53d8\u91cf\u8d4b\u503c\u90fd\u5c06\u653e\u5230\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u524d\u9762\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u3002\r\n\u5f53 bash \u6267\u884c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5916\u90e8\u547d\u4ee4\u65f6\uff0c\u53d8\u91cf _ \u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5168\u540d\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u88ab\u4f20\u9012\u5230\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002\r\n\u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001(\"EXIT STATUS\")\r\n\u4ece shell \u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001\u662f 0 \u610f\u5473\u7740\u6210\u529f\u9000\u51fa\u3002 \u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001\u662f 0 \u8868\u660e\u6210\u529f\u3002\u975e\u96f6\u72b6\u6001\u503c\u8868\u660e\u5931\u8d25\u3002\u5f53\u547d\u4ee4\u6536\u5230 fatal signal N \u9000\u51fa\u65f6\uff0cbash \u4f7f\u7528 128+N \u4f5c\u4e3a\u5b83\u7684\u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001\u3002\r\n\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u627e\u5230\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4e3a\u6267\u884c\u5b83\u800c\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8fd4\u56de 127\u3002\u5982\u679c\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u547d\u4ee4\u4f46\u662f \u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u53ef\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u72b6\u6001\u662f 126\u3002\r\n\u5982\u679c\u547d\u4ee4\u7531\u4e8e\u6269\u5c55\u6216\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u9519\u8bef\u800c\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001\u5927\u4e8e\u96f6\u3002\r\nshell \u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4\u5982\u679c\u6210\u529f\u8fd4\u56de 0(true)\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u51fa\u9519\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u975e\u96f6 (false)\u3002 \u6240\u6709\u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4\u8fd4\u56de 2 \u6765\u6307\u793a\u4e0d\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\u3002\r\nBash \u81ea\u8eab\u8fd4\u56de\u6700\u540e\u6267\u884c\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u8bed\u6cd5\u9519\u8bef\uff0c \u8fd9\u65f6\u5b83\u8fd4\u56de\u975e\u96f6\u503c\u3002\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4 exit\u3002\r\n\u4fe1\u53f7(SIGNALS)\r\n\u5982\u679c bash \u662f\u4ea4\u4e92\u7684\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u8bbe\u5b9a\u4efb\u4f55\u9677\u9631\uff0c\u5b83\u5ffd\u7565 SIGTERM (\u8fd9\u6837 kill 0 \u4e0d\u4f1a\u6740\u6389\u4ea4\u4e92\u7684 shell)\u3002 SIGINT \u88ab\u6355\u83b7\u5e76\u5904\u7406 (\u4ece\u800c\u4f7f\u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4 wait \u53ef\u4ee5\u4e2d\u65ad)\u3002\u5728\u6240\u6709\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c bash \u5ffd\u7565 SIGQUIT\u3002\r\n\u5982\u679c\u6b63\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u4f5c\u4e1a\u63a7\u5236\uff0c bash \u5ffd\u7565 SIGTTIN, SIGTTOU, \u548c SIGTSTP.\r\nbash \u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u5e76\u884c\u4f5c\u4e1a\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\u5904\u7406\u53e5\u67c4\u90fd\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a shell \u4ece\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7ee7\u627f \u7684\u503c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u662f\u6b63\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u4f5c\u4e1a\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u5f02\u6b65\u547d\u4ee4\u8fd8\u5ffd\u7565 SIGINT \u548c SIGQUIT \u3002\r\n\u4f5c\u4e3a\u547d\u4ee4\u66ff\u6362\u7ed3\u679c\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u5ffd\u7565\u952e\u76d8\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u4f5c\u4e1a\u63a7\u5236\u4fe1\u53f7 SIGTTIN, SIGTTOU, \u548c SIGTSTP.\r\n\u5982\u679c\u6536\u5230\u4fe1\u53f7 SIGHUP\uff0c shell \u9ed8\u8ba4\u9000\u51fa\u3002\u5728\u9000\u51fa\u524d\uff0c\u4ea4\u4e92\u7684 shell \u5411\u6240\u6709\u4f5c\u4e1a\uff0c\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u6216\u505c\u6b62\u7684\uff0c\u53d1\u9001 SIGHUP \u4fe1\u53f7\u3002shell \u5411\u505c\u6b62\u7684\u4f5c\u4e1a\u53d1\u51fa SIGCONT \u4fe1\u53f7\u6765\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5b83\u4eec\u4f1a\u6536\u5230 SIGHUP. \u8981\u963b\u6b62\r\nshell \u5411\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u4f5c\u4e1a\u53d1\u9001\u4fe1\u53f7\uff0c\u5e94\u5f53\u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4 disown \u5c06\u4f5c\u4e1a\u4ece\u4f5c\u4e1a\u8868\u4e2d\u5220\u9664 (\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u7684 shell \u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4(SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS) \u7ae0\u8282) \u6216\u8005\u4f7f\u7528 disown -h \u6765\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3a\u4e0d\u63a5\u53d7 SIGHUP\u3002\r\n\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528 shopt \u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86 shell \u9009\u9879 huponexit\uff0c \u5728\u4ea4\u4e92\u7684\u767b\u5f55 shell \u9000\u51fa\u65f6 bash \u5411\u6240\u6709\u4f5c\u4e1a\u53d1\u51fa SIGHUP \u4fe1\u53f7\u3002\r\n\u5f53 bash \u7b49\u5f85\u547d\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u7ed3\u675f\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6536\u5230\u5df2\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86\u9677\u9631\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\uff0c\u9677\u9631 (trap) \u5c06\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u547d\u4ee4\u7ed3\u675f\u3002 \u5f53 bash \u901a\u8fc7\u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4 wait \u7b49\u5f85\u5f02\u6b65\u547d\u4ee4\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6536\u5230\u5df2\u8bbe\u7f6e\r\n\u4e86\u9677\u9631\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\uff0c\u5c06\u4f7f\u5f97\u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4 wait \u7acb\u5373\u4ee5\u5927\u4e8e 128 \u7684\u72b6\u6001\u503c\u8fd4\u56de\u3002 \u63a5\u7740\uff0c\u9677\u9631\u5c06\u7acb\u5373\u88ab\u6267\u884c\u3002\r\n\u4f5c\u4e1a\u63a7\u5236(\"JOB CONTROL\")\r\nJob control (\u4f5c\u4e1a\u63a7\u5236) \u6307\u7684\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u505c\u6b62 (suspend\uff0c\u6302\u8d77) \u8fdb\u7a0b\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14 \u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e4b\u540e\u7ee7\u7eed (resume\uff0c\u6062\u590d) \u6267\u884c\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u7528\u6237\u4e00\u822c\u5728\u4ea4\u4e92\u7684\u4eba\u673a\u754c\u9762\r\n\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u754c\u9762\u662f\u7531\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7ec8\u7aef\u9a71\u52a8\u548c bash \u5171\u540c\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u3002\r\nshell \u5c06\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ba1\u9053\u5206\u914d\u7ed9\u4e00\u4e2a \u4f5c\u4e1a(job)\u3002 \u5b83\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f53\u524d\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u4f5c\u4e1a\u8868\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528 jobs \u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u5217\u51fa\u3002\u5f53 bash \u542f\u52a8\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f02\u6b65\u7684\u4f5c\u4e1a\u65f6 (background\uff0c\u540e\u53f0\u6267\u884c)\uff0c \u5b83\u8f93\u51fa\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4e00\u884c\uff1a\r\n[1] 25647\r\n\u8868\u660e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f5c\u4e1a\u7684\u4f5c\u4e1a\u53f7\u662f 1\uff0c\u4e0e\u4f5c\u4e1a\u76f8\u5173\u8fde\u7684\u7ba1\u9053\u4e2d\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684 \u8fdb\u7a0bID\u662f 15647\u3002\u7ba1\u9053\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u8fdb\u7a0b\u90fd\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f5c\u4e1a\u7684\u6210\u5458\u3002 Bash \u4f7f\u7528 \u4f5c\u4e1a(job) \u6982\u5ff5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4f5c\u4e1a\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002\r\n\u4e3a\u7b80\u5316\u4f5c\u4e1a\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u7528\u6237\u754c\u9762\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d1f\u8d23\u7ba1\u7406\u201c\u5f53\u524d\u7ec8\u7aef\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ec4\u201d (current terminal process group ID) \u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ec4\u7684\u6210\u5458 (\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ec4 ID \u662f\u5f53\u524d\u7ec8\u7aef\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ec4 ID \u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b)\r\n\u53ef\u4ee5\u6536\u5230\u952e\u76d8\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 SIGINT. \u8fd9\u4e9b\u8fdb\u7a0b\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a foreground(\u524d\u53f0\u7684)\u3002 Background (\u540e\u53f0\u7684) \u8fdb\u7a0b\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ec4 ID \u4e0e\u7ec8\u7aef\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff1b\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6536\u5230\u952e\u76d8\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\u3002\r\n\u53ea\u6709\u524d\u53f0\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u7ec8\u7aef\u8bfb\u6216\u5411\u7ec8\u7aef\u5199\u3002\u540e\u53f0\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8bd5\u56fe\u8bfb\/\u5199\u7ec8\u7aef\u65f6\uff0c\u5c06\u6536\u5230\u7ec8\u7aef\u9a71\u52a8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u53d1\u9001\u7684 SIGTTIN (SIGTTOU) \u4fe1\u53f7\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4fe1\u53f7\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u52a0\u4ee5\u6355\u6349\uff0c\u5c06\u6302\u8d77\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002\r\n\u5982\u679c bash \u8fd0\u884c\u5176\u4e0a\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u652f\u6301\u4f5c\u4e1a\u63a7\u5236\uff0c bash \u4f1a\u5305\u542b\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\u7684\u8bbe\u65bd\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6b63\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u952e\u5165 suspend \u6302\u8d77 \u5b57\u7b26 (\u901a\u5e38\u662f ^Z, Control-Z) \u5c06\u4f7f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6682\u505c\uff0c\u5c06\u63a7\u5236\u6743\u8fd8\u7ed9 bash.\r\n\u8f93\u5165 delayed suspend , \u5ef6\u65f6\u6302\u8d77 \u5b57\u7b26 (\u901a\u5e38\u662f ^Y, Control-Y) \u5c06\u4f7f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5728\u8bd5\u56fe\u4ece\u7ec8\u7aef\u8bfb\u53d6\u8f93\u5165\u65f6\u6682\u505c\uff0c\u5c06\u63a7\u5236\u6743\u8fd8\u7ed9 bash. \u7528\u6237\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a7\u5236\u6b64\u4f5c\u4e1a\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 bg\r\n\u547d\u4ee4\u4f7f\u5b83\u5728\u540e\u53f0\u7ee7\u7eed\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c fg \u547d\u4ee4\u4f7f\u5b83\u5728\u524d\u53f0\u7ee7\u7eed\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u6216 kill \u547d\u4ee4\u5c06\u5b83\u6740\u6b7b\u3002^Z \u4f1a\u7acb\u5373\u8d77\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8fd8\u6709\u4f7f\u7b49\u5f85\u4e2d\u7684 (pending) \u8f93\u51fa\u548c\u8f93\u5165\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\r\n\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u6307\u4ee3 shell \u4e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u4e1a\u3002\u5b57\u7b26 % \u53ef\u4ee5\u5f15\u5165\u4f5c\u4e1a\u540d\u3002\u7f16\u53f7\u4e3a n 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removal, \u6700\u540e\u8981\u7ecf\u8fc7 shell\r\n\u9009\u9879 promptvars \u5904\u7406 (\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u7684 shell \u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4(SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS) \u7ae0\u8282\u4e2d\uff0c\u5bf9\u547d\u4ee4 shopt \u7684\u63cf\u8ff0)\u3002\r\nreadline\u5e93(READLINE)\r\n\u8fd9\u662f\u5728\u4ea4\u4e92 shell \u4e2d\u5904\u7406\u8bfb\u53d6\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u5e93\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u5728 shell \u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86 --noediting \u9009\u9879\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u884c\u7f16\u8f91\u547d\u4ee4\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e emacs \u4e2d\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u3002\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 vi \u6837\u5f0f\u7684\u884c\u7f16\u8f91\u754c\u9762\u3002 \u8981\u5728 shell\r\n\u8fd0\u884c\u4e4b\u540e\u5173\u95ed\u884c\u7f16\u8f91\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u7f6e\u547d\u4ee4 set \u7684 +o emacs \u6216 +o vi \u9009\u9879 (\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u7684 shell \u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4(SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS) \u7ae0\u8282)\u3002\r\nReadline Notation\r\n\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c0f\u8282\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c06\u4f7f\u7528 emacs \u6837\u5f0f\u7684\u8bb0\u6cd5\u6765\u8868\u8ff0\u6309\u952e\u3002Ctrl \u952e\u8bb0\u4e3a C-key\uff0c \u4f8b\u5982\uff0cC-n \u610f\u601d\u662f Ctrl-N\u3002\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\uff0c meta \u952e\u8bb0\u4e3a M-key\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64 M-x \u610f\u5473\u7740 Meta-x\u3002(\u5728\u6ca1\u6709 meta \u952e\u7684\u952e\u76d8\u4e0a\uff0cM-x\r\n\u610f\u601d\u662f ESC-x\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u6309\u4e0b Esc \u952e\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u6309 x \u952e\u3002\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97 Esc \u6210\u4e3a meta prefix\u3002M-C-x \u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u610f\u601d\u662f Esc-Ctrl-x\uff0c \u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6309 Esc \u952e\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u6309\u4f4f Ctrl \u952e\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u6309 x \u952e\u3002)\r\nreadline \u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6570\u5b57\u7684 \u53c2\u6570(arguments)\uff0c \u4e00\u822c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u8ba1\u6570\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u91cd\u8981\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u6807\u8bb0\u3002\u7ed9\u5411\u524d\u65b9\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u547d\u4ee4 (\u4f8b\u5982\uff0ckill-line) \u4f20\u9012\u8d1f\u6570\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5c06\u4f7f\u5f97\u547d\u4ee4\u5411\u53cd\u65b9\u5411\u8fdb\u884c\u3002\r\n\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u5982\u679c\u63a5\u53d7\u53c2\u6570\u65f6\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0e\u6b64\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5c06\u53e6\u884c\u8bf4\u660e\u3002\r\n\u5f53\u547d\u4ee4\u88ab\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u526a\u5207 (killing) \u6587\u672c\u65f6\uff0c\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u7684\u6587\u672c\u88ab\u4fdd\u5b58\uff0c\u7b49\u5f85\u5c06\u6765\u4f7f\u7528 (\u7c98\u8d34\uff0cyanking)\u3002\u88ab\u526a\u5207\u7684\u6587\u672c\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728 kill ring \u4e2d\u3002\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\u526a\u5207\u4f7f\u5f97\r\n\u6587\u672c\u88ab\u4f9d\u6b21\u52a0\u5165\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u5143\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e00\u6b21\u88ab\u7c98\u8d34\u3002\u4e0d\u526a\u5207\u6587\u672c\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u5c06 kill ring \u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u672c\u5206\u79bb\u3002\r\nReadline Initialization \u521d\u59cb\u5316\r\nreadline \u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u547d\u4ee4\u653e\u5165\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6587\u4ef6 (inputrc \u6587\u4ef6) \u6765\u5b9a\u5236\u3002 \u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u4ece\u53d8\u91cf INPUTRC \u7684\u503c\u4e2d\u83b7\u53d6\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662f ~\/.inputrc. \u5f53\u4f7f\u7528 readline\r\n\u5e93\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\uff0c\u5c06\u8bfb\u53d6\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u6309\u952e\u5173\u8054\u548c\u53d8\u91cf\u5c06\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002 readline \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u53ea\u5141\u8bb8\u6709\u5f88\u5c11\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6784\u9020\u3002 \u7a7a\u884c\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\u3002\u4ee5 # \u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u884c\u662f\u6ce8\u91ca\u3002\u4ee5 $ \u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u884c\u6307\u793a\u4e86\u6709\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u6784\u9020\u3002\r\n\u5176\u4ed6\u884c\u8868\u793a\u6309\u952e\u5173\u8054\u548c\u53d8\u91cf\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002\r\n\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u6309\u952e\u5173\u8054\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 inputrc \u6587\u4ef6\u6539\u53d8\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5e93\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6dfb\u52a0\u5b83\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u548c\u5173\u8054\u3002\r\n\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5c06\r\nM-Control-u: universal-argument\r\n\u6216\r\nC-Meta-u: universal-argument\r\n\u653e\u5165 inputrc \u5c06\u4f7f\u5f97 M-C-u \u6267\u884c readline \u547d\u4ee4 universal-argument.\r\n\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bc6\u522b\u4e0b\u5217\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u540d\u79f0\uff1a RUBOUT, DEL, ESC, LFD, NEWLINE, RET, RETURN, SPC, SPACE, \u548c TAB.\r\n\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u4e4b\u5916\uff0creadline \u5141\u8bb8\u5c06\u6309\u952e\u4e0e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5173\u8054\uff0c\u5f53\u6309\u4e0b\u8fd9\u4e2a\u952e\u65f6\uff0c\u5c06\u63d2\u5165\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32 (\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8f\uff0cmacro)\u3002\r\nReadline Key Bindings\r\ninputrc \u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u6309\u952e\u5173\u8054\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u975e\u5e38\u7b80\u5355\u3002\u9700\u8981\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u662f\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u6216\u5b8f\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u5e94\u5f53\u5173\u8054\u5230\u7684\u6309\u952e\u5e8f\u5217\u3002 \u540d\u79f0\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ee5\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u6307\u5b9a\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6309\u952e\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u540d\u79f0\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u5e26\u6709 Meta- \u6216 Control-\r\n\u524d\u7f00\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6309\u952e\u5e8f\u5217\u3002\r\n\u5f53\u4f7f\u7528 keyname:function-name \u6216 macro \u5f62\u5f0f\u65f6\uff0c keyname \u662f\u6309\u952e\u4ee5\u82f1\u6587\u62fc\u5199\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\r\nControl-u: universal-argument\r\nMeta-Rubout: backward-kill-word\r\nControl-o: \"&gt; output\"\r\n\u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c C-u \u88ab\u5173\u8054\u5230\u51fd\u6570 universal-argument, M-DEL \u88ab\u5173\u8054\u5230\u51fd\u6570 backward-kill-word, \u800c C-o \u88ab\u5173\u8054\u4e3a\u8fd0\u884c\u53f3\u8fb9\u7ed9\u51fa\u7684\u5b8f (\u610f\u601d\u662f\uff0c\u5c06\u5411\u884c\u4e2d\u63d2\u5165 ``&gt; output'' )\u3002\r\n\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\"keyseq\":function-name \u6216 macro\uff0c keyseq \u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u4e0a\u9762\u7684 keyname\uff0c \u8868\u793a\u6574\u4e2a\u6309\u952e\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u6309\u952e\u5e8f\u5217\u653e\u5728\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u5f15\u7528\u4e2d\u6765\u6307\u5b9a\u3002 \u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e9b GNU Emacs\r\n\u6837\u5f0f\u7684\u6309\u952e\u5e8f\u5217\uff0c\u5982\u4e0b\u4f8b\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8bc6\u522b\u6309\u952e\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u540d\u79f0\u3002\r\n\"\\C-u\": universal-argument\r\n\"\\C-x\\C-r\": re-read-init-file\r\n\"\\e[11~\": \"Function Key 1\"\r\n\u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c C-u \u88ab\u53c8\u4e00\u6b21\u5173\u8054\u5230\u51fd\u6570 universal-argument. C-x C-r \u88ab\u5173\u8054\u5230\u51fd\u6570 re-read-init-file, \u800c ESC [ 1 1 ~ \u88ab\u5173\u8054\u4e3a\u63d2\u5165\u6587\u672c ``Function Key 1''.\r\nGNU Emacs \u6837\u5f0f\u7684\u8f6c\u4e49\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u5168\u96c6\u4e3a\uff1a\r\n\\C- Ctrl \u524d\u7f00\r\n\\M- Meta \u524d\u7f00\r\n\\e \u4e00\u4e2a Esc \u5b57\u7b26\r\n\\\\ \u53cd\u659c\u6760\r\n\\\" \u5b57\u9762\u4e0a\u7684 \"\r\n\\' \u5b57\u9762\u4e0a\u7684 '\r\n\u9664\u4e86 GNU Emacs \u6837\u5f0f\u7684\u8f6c\u4e49\u5e8f\u5217\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u53cd\u659c\u6760\u8f6c\u4e49\u5e8f\u5217\u53ef\u7528\uff1a\r\n\\a \u54cd\u94c3\r\n\\b \u56de\u9000\r\n\\d \u5220\u9664\r\n\\f \u8fdb\u7eb8\r\n\\n \u65b0\u884c\u7b26\r\n\\r \u56de\u8f66\r\n\\t \u6c34\u5e73\u8df3\u683c\r\n\\v \u7ad6\u76f4\u8df3\u683c\r\n\\nnn \u4e00\u4e2a\u516b\u6bd4\u7279\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u503c\u662f\u516b\u8fdb\u5236\u503c nnn (\u4e00\u5230\u4e09\u4e2a\u516b\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\u5b57)\u3002\r\n\\xHH \u4e00\u4e2a\u516b\u6bd4\u7279\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u503c\u662f\u5341\u516d\u8fdb\u5236\u503c HH (\u4e00\u5230\u4e24\u4e2a\u5341\u516d\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\u5b57)\u3002\r\n\u8f93\u5165\u5b8f\u7684\u6587\u672c\u65f6\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u4f7f\u7528\u5355\u5f15\u53f7\u6216\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u5f15\u7528\u6765\u8868\u660e\u662f\u5b8f\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002 \u6ca1\u6709\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u6587\u672c\u88ab\u5f53\u4f5c\u51fd\u6570\u540d\u3002\u5728\u5b8f\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u4f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u53cd\u659c\u6760\u8f6c\u4e49\u88ab\u6269\u5c55\u3002 \u53cd\u659c\u6760\u5c06\u5f15\u7528\u5b8f\u6587\u672c\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u5305\u62ec \" \u548c '\u3002\r\nBash \u5141\u8bb8\u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4 bind \u6765\u663e\u793a\u548c\u4fee\u6539\u5f53\u524d readline \u6309\u952e\u5173\u8054\u3002\u5728\u4ea4\u4e92\u4f7f\u7528\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4 set \u7684 -o \u9009\u9879\u5207\u6362\u5230\u7f16\u8f91\u6a21\u5f0f (\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u7684 shell \u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4(SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS) \u7ae0\u8282)\u3002\r\nReadline Variables\r\nreadline \u5305\u542b\u989d\u5916\u7684\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9a\u5236\u5b83\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728 inputrc \u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u5982\u4e0b\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u8bed\u53e5\uff1a\r\nset variable-name value\r\n\u9664\u975e\u53e6\u5916\u8bf4\u660e\uff0creadline \u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u603b\u662f On \u6216 Off\u3002 \u53d8\u91cf\u548c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u662f\uff1a\r\nbell-style (audible)\r\n\u63a7\u5236\u4e86\u5f53 readline \u9700\u8981\u9e23\u7ec8\u7aef\u54cd\u94c3\u65f6\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a none\uff0c readline \u4e0d\u4f1a\u9e23\u94c3\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a visible\uff0creadline \u4f7f\u7528\u53ef\u89c6\u7684\u54cd\u94c3\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u8bdd\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a audible\uff0creadline\r\n\u8bd5\u7740\u9e23\u7ec8\u7aef\u54cd\u94c3\u3002\r\ncomment-begin (``#'')\r\n\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5728\u6267\u884c readline \u547d\u4ee4 insert-comment \u65f6\u88ab\u63d2\u5165\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u5728 emacs \u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\u88ab\u5173\u8054\u4e3a M-#\uff0c \u5728 vi \u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\u662f #\u3002\r\ncompletion-ignore-case (Off)\r\n\u5982\u679c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a On\uff0creadline \u8fdb\u884c\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u4e0d\u654f\u611f\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u5339\u914d\u548c\u8865\u5168\u3002\r\ncompletion-query-items (100)\r\n\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u51b3\u5b9a\u7740\u4f55\u65f6\u5411\u7528\u6237\u8be2\u95ee\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u67e5\u770b\u7531\u547d\u4ee4 possible-completions \u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u8865\u5168\u6570\u91cf\u3002 \u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbe\u4e3a\u4efb\u4f55\u5927\u4e8e\u6216\u7b49\u4e8e 0 \u7684\u503c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u8865\u5168\u6570\u91cf\u5927\u4e8e\u6216\u7b49\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\uff0c\r\n\u7528\u6237\u5c06\u88ab\u63d0\u793a\u662f\u5426\u613f\u610f\u67e5\u770b\u5b83\u4eec\uff1b\u5426\u5219\u5c06\u76f4\u63a5\u5728\u7ec8\u7aef\u4e0a\u5217\u51fa\u5b83\u4eec\u3002\r\nconvert-meta (On)\r\n\u5982\u679c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a On\uff0creadline \u5c06\u628a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86\u6700\u9ad8\u4f4d\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a ASCII \u6309\u952e\u5e8f\u5217\uff0c\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f \u53bb\u6389\u7b2c\u516b\u4f4d\uff0c\u524d\u7f00\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f6c\u4e49\u5b57\u7b26 (\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 Esc \u4f5c\u4e3a\u8f6c\u4e49\u7b26 meta prefix)\u3002\r\ndisable-completion (Off)\r\n\u5982\u679c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a On\uff0creadline \u5c06\u7981\u6b62\u8bcd\u7684\u8865\u5168\u3002\u8865\u5168\u5b57\u7b26\u5c06\u88ab\u63d2\u5165\u5230\u884c\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c31\u597d\u50cf\u5b83\u4eec\u88ab \u6620\u5c04\u4e3a self-insert\u3002\r\nediting-mode (emacs)\r\n\u63a7\u5236 readline \u7684\u6309\u952e\u5173\u8054\u96c6\u5408\u4e0e emacs \u8fd8\u662f vi \u76f8\u4f3c\u3002 editing-mode \u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a emacs \u6216 vi\u3002\r\nenable-keypad (Off)\r\n\u5982\u679c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a On \uff0creadline \u5728\u8c03\u7528\u65f6\u5c06\u8bd5\u56fe\u542f\u7528\u8f85\u52a9\u952e\u76d8\u3002 \u4e00\u4e9b\u7cfb\u7edf\u9700\u8981\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6765\u542f\u7528\u65b9\u5411\u952e\u3002\r\nexpand-tilde (Off)\r\n\u5982\u679c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a On\uff0creadline \u8bd5\u56fe\u8fdb\u884c\u8bcd\u7684\u8865\u5168\u65f6\u4f1a\u8fdb\u884c\u6ce2\u6d6a\u7ebf\u6269\u5c55\u3002\r\nhistory-preserve-point\r\n\u5982\u679c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a On\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u4ee3\u7801\u8bd5\u7740\u5728 previous-history \u6216 next-history \u53d6\u56de\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5386\u53f2\u884c\u7684\u76f8\u540c\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e2d\u52a0\u70b9\u3002\r\nhorizontal-scroll-mode (Off)\r\n\u5982\u679c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a On\uff0c\u5c06\u4f7f\u5f97 readline \u4f7f\u7528\u5355\u884c\u6765\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5b83\u6bd4\u5c4f\u5e55\u5bbd\u5ea6\u8981\u957f\uff0c\u5c31\u5728 \u5355\u4e00\u7684\u5c4f\u5e55\u884c\u4e0a\u6c34\u5e73\u6eda\u52a8\u8f93\u5165\u884c\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u81ea\u52a8\u56de\u7ed5\u5230\u65b0\u884c\u3002\r\ninput-meta (Off)\r\n\u5982\u679c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a On\uff0creadline \u5c06\u5141\u8bb8\u516b\u6bd4\u7279\u8f93\u5165 (\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5c06\u5b83\u8bfb\u5165\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e2d\u6700\u9ad8\u4f4d\u5220\u9664)\uff0c \u4e0d\u7ba1\u5b83\u80fd\u652f\u6301\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684\u7ec8\u7aef\u8981\u6c42\u3002\u540d\u79f0 meta-flag \u4e0e\u6b64\u53d8\u91cf\u540c\u4e49\u3002\r\nisearch-terminators (``C-[C-J'')\r\n\u7528\u4e8e\u7ec8\u6b62\u589e\u91cf\u7684\u641c\u7d22\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u5c06\u5b57\u7b26\u5f53\u4f5c\u547d\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u6ca1\u6709\u8d4b\u503c\uff0c\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32 Esc \u548c C-J \u5c06\u7ec8\u6b62\u589e\u91cf\u7684\u641c\u7d22\u3002\r\nkeymap (emacs)\r\n\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5f53\u524d readline \u952e\u76d8\u6620\u5c04\u3002\u6709\u6548\u7684\u952e\u76d8\u6620\u5c04\u540d\u79f0\u662f emacs, emacs-standard, emacs-meta, emacs-ctlx, vi, vi-command\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709 vi-insert\u3002 vi \u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e vi-command; emacs \u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\r\nemacs-standard\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u662f emacs; editing-mode \u7684\u503c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u952e\u76d8\u6620\u5c04\u3002\r\nmark-directories (On)\r\n\u5982\u679c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a On\uff0c\u8865\u5168\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u540d\u4f1a\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u659c\u6760\u3002\r\nmark-modified-lines (Off)\r\n\u5982\u679c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a On\uff0c\u5df2\u88ab\u4fee\u6539\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u884c\u5c06\u663e\u793a\u4e3a\u524d\u7f00\u4e00\u4e2a\u661f\u53f7 (*)\u3002\r\nmark-symlinked-directories (Off)\r\n\u5982\u679c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a On\uff0c\u8865\u5168\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u5982\u679c\u662f\u5230\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u94fe\u63a5\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u659c\u6760 (\u4e0e mark-directories \u7684\u503c\u540c\u6837\u5904\u7406)\u3002\r\nmatch-hidden-files (On)\r\n\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a On\uff0c\u5c06\u4f7f\u5f97 readline \u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u8865\u5168\u65f6\uff0c\u5339\u914d\u4ee5 `.' \u5f00\u5934\u7684\u6587\u4ef6 (\u9690\u85cf\u6587\u4ef6)\uff0c \u9664\u975e\u7528\u6237\u5728\u8981\u8865\u5168\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u4e2d\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u524d\u5bfc\u7684 `.'\u3002\r\noutput-meta (Off)\r\n\u5982\u679c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a On\uff0creadline \u5c06\u76f4\u63a5\u663e\u793a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86\u7b2c\u516b\u4f4d\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e26 meta \u524d\u7f00\u7684\u8f6c\u4e49\u5e8f\u5217\u3002\r\npage-completions (On)\r\n\u5982\u679c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a On\uff0creadline \u5c06\u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u5efa\u7684\u7c7b\u4f3c more \u7684\u5206\u9875\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c \u6765\u6bcf\u6b21\u663e\u793a\u4e00\u5c4f\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u8865\u5168\u3002\r\nprint-completions-horizontally (Off)\r\n\u5982\u679c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a On\uff0creadline \u5c06\u5339\u914d\u7684\u8865\u5168\u6309\u5b57\u6bcd\u8868\u987a\u5e8f\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u6c34\u5e73\u6392\u5217\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u6765\uff0c \u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u5c4f\u5e55\u4e0a\u7ad6\u76f4\u6392\u5217\u663e\u793a\u3002\r\nshow-all-if-ambiguous (Off)\r\n\u8fd9\u5c06\u8c03\u6574\u8865\u5168\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a on, \u62e5\u6709\u591a\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u8865\u5168\u7684\u8bcd\u5c06\u7acb\u5373\u5217\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u5339\u914d\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u9e23\u54cd\u94c3\u3002\r\nvisible-stats (Off)\r\n\u5982\u679c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a On\uff0c\u5728\u5217\u51fa\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u8865\u5168\u65f6\uff0c\u5c06\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u540e\u9762\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u8868\u793a\u6587\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c \u6587\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b\u7531 stat(2) \u62a5\u544a\u3002\r\nReadline Conditional Constructs\r\nreadline \u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u4e0e C \u9884\u5904\u7406\u5668\u8fdb\u884c\u6761\u4ef6\u7f16\u8bd1\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c \u5141\u8bb8\u6839\u636e\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u8fdb\u884c\u952e\u76d8\u5173\u8054\u548c\u53d8\u91cf\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u56db\u79cd\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u6307\u4ee4\u3002\r\n$if $if \u7ed3\u6784\u5141\u8bb8\u6839\u636e\u7f16\u8f91\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u6b63\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7ec8\u7aef\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 readline \u7684\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6765\u8bbe\u5b9a\u6309\u952e\u5173\u8054\u3002 \u6d4b\u8bd5\u7684\u6587\u672c\u5305\u62ec\u4e00\u884c\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u884c\u5c3e\uff1b\u4e0d\u5fc5\u7528\u5b57\u7b26\u6765\u9694\u79bb\u5b83\u3002\r\nmode $if \u7ed3\u6784\u7684 mode= \u5f62\u5f0f\u7528\u4e8e\u6d4b\u8bd5 readline \u5904\u4e8e emacs \u8fd8\u662f vi \u6a21\u5f0f\u3002 \u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0e\u547d\u4ee4 set keymap \u7ed3\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8bbe\u7f6e emacs-standard \u548c emacs-ctlx \u952e\u76d8\u6620\u5c04\uff0c\u4ec5\u5f53 readline\r\n\u4ee5 emacs \u6a21\u5f0f\u542f\u52a8\u3002\r\nterm term= \u5f62\u5f0f\u7528\u4e8e\u5305\u542b\u4e0e\u7ec8\u7aef\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6309\u952e\u5173\u8054\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bb8\u662f\u5c06\u6309\u952e\u5e8f\u5217\u8f93\u51fa\u4e0e\u7ec8\u7aef\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u952e\u76f8\u5173\u8054\u3002 \u7b49\u53f7 = \u53f3\u8fb9\u7684\u8bcd\u88ab\u540c\u7ec8\u7aef\u7684\u5168\u540d\u548c\u540d\u79f0\u4e2d\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a - \u524d\u9762\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u76f8\u6bd4\u8f83\u3002 \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\r\nsun \u540c\u65f6\u5339\u914d sun \u548c sun-cmd\u3002\r\napplication\r\napplication \u7ed3\u6784\u7528\u4e8e\u5305\u542b\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4f7f\u7528 readline \u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u90fd\u8bbe\u7f6e application name\uff0c\r\n\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6587\u4ef6\u53ef\u4ee5\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5b83\u7684\u503c\u3002\u5b83\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u6309\u952e\u5e8f\u5217\u4e0e\u5bf9\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6709\u7528\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u76f8\u5173\u8054\u3002 \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e0b\u5217\u547d\u4ee4\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6309\u952e\u5e8f\u5217\uff0c\u7528\u4ee5\u5f15\u7528 bash \u4e2d\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u8bcd\u6216\u524d\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bcd\r\n$if Bash\r\n# Quote the current or previous word\r\n\"\\C-xq\": \"\\eb\\\"\\ef\\\"\"\r\n$endif\r\n$endif \u4e0a\u4f8b\u4e2d\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u7ed3\u675f\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a $if \u547d\u4ee4\u3002\r\n$else \u5982\u679c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5931\u8d25\uff0c$if \u6307\u4ee4\u4e2d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5206\u652f\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u5c06\u88ab\u6267\u884c\u3002\r\n$include\r\n\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6307\u4ee4\u4f7f\u7528\u5355\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u4ece\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6\u547d\u4ee4\u548c\u6309\u952e\u5173\u8054\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e0b\u5217\u6307\u4ee4 \u5c06\u8bfb\u53d6 \/etc\/inputrc\uff1a\r\n$include \/etc\/inputrc\r\nSearching\r\nreadline \u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4ece\u547d\u4ee4\u5386\u53f2\u4e2d\u641c\u7d22\u5305\u542b\u7ed9\u5b9a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u884c\u7684\u547d\u4ee4 (\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u7684 HISTORY \u5386\u53f2 \u7ae0\u8282)\u3002\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u641c\u7d22\u6a21\u5f0f\uff1a incremental \u548c non-incremental.\r\n\u589e\u91cf\u7684\u641c\u7d22\u5728\u7528\u6237\u7ed3\u675f\u8f93\u5165\u641c\u7d22\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u65f6\u5f00\u59cb\u3002\u5728\u641c\u7d22\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u88ab\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c readline \u663e\u793a\u4e0e\u5df2\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5339\u914d\u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5386\u53f2\u6761\u76ee\u3002\r\n\u589e\u91cf\u7684\u641c\u7d22\u53ea\u8981\u6c42\u8f93\u5165\u80fd\u627e\u5230\u671f\u671b\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u6761\u76ee\u6240\u9700\u7684\u90a3\u4e48\u591a\u5b57\u7b26\u3002 isearch-terminators \u53d8\u91cf\u4e2d\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u7528\u6765\u7ec8\u6b62\u4e00\u6b21\u589e\u91cf\u7684\u641c\u7d22\u3002\u5982\u679c \u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u8d4b\u503c\uff0cEsc \u548c Ctrl-J\r\n\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5c06\u7ed3\u675f\u4e00\u6b21\u589e\u91cf\u7684\u641c\u7d22\u3002 Ctrl-G \u5c06\u53d6\u6d88\u4e00\u6b21\u589e\u91cf\u7684\u641c\u7d22\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u521d\u59cb\u7684\u884c\u3002\u5f53\u641c\u7d22\u7ec8\u6b62\u65f6\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u641c\u7d22\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32 \u7684\u5386\u53f2\u6761\u76ee\u6210\u4e3a\u5f53\u524d\u884c\u3002\r\n\u8981\u4ece\u5386\u53f2\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u5339\u914d\u7684\u6761\u76ee\uff0c\u9002\u5f53\u5730\u952e\u5165 Ctrl-S \u6216 Ctrl-R\u3002 \u8fd9\u6837\u5c06\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u4e2d\u5411\u524d\/\u5411\u540e\u641c\u7d22\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5339\u914d\u5df2\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u641c\u7d22\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u6761\u76ee\u3002 \u5176\u4ed6\u5173\u8054\u5230\u67d0\u4e2a readline\r\n\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u6309\u952e\u5e8f\u5217\u5c06\u7ec8\u6b62\u641c\u7d22\u5e76\u6267\u884c\u5173\u8054\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u3002 \u4f8b\u5982\uff0cnewline \u5c06\u7ec8\u6b62\u641c\u7d22\uff0c\u63a5\u53d7\u5f53\u524d\u884c\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6267\u884c\u5386\u53f2\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\r\nreadline \u53ef\u4ee5\u8bb0\u4f4f\u4e0a\u6b21\u589e\u91cf\u641c\u7d22\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002\u5982\u679c\u952e\u5165\u4e24\u6b21 Ctrl-R\uff0c\u4e2d\u95f4\u6ca1\u6709 \u8f93\u5165\u4efb\u4f55\u5b57\u7b26\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u641c\u7d22\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c06\u4f7f\u7528\u5df2\u8bb0\u4f4f\u7684\u641c\u7d22\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002\r\n\u975e\u589e\u91cf\u7684\u641c\u7d22\u5c06\u6574\u4e2a\u641c\u7d22\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u8bfb\u5165\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u624d\u5f00\u59cb\u641c\u7d22\u5339\u914d\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u6761\u76ee\u3002 \u641c\u7d22\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u53ef\u4ee5\u7531\u7528\u6237\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662f\u5f53\u524d\u884c\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\r\nReadline Command Names\r\n\u4e0b\u9762\u5217\u51fa\u7684\u662f\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u4ee5\u53ca\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5b83\u4eec\u5173\u8054\u7684\u6309\u952e\u5e8f\u5217\u3002 \u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u79f0\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6309\u952e\u5e8f\u5217\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u5173\u8054\u7684\u3002\u5728\u4e0b\u5217\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e2d\uff0c \u70b9 (point) \u6307\u5f53\u524d\u5149\u6807\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u6807\u8bb0 (mark) \u6307\u547d\u4ee4\r\nset-mark \u4fdd\u5b58\u7684\u5149\u6807\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002point \u548c mark \u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6587\u672c\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u8303\u56f4 (region)\u3002\r\nCommands for Moving \u79fb\u52a8\r\nbeginning-of-line (C-a)\r\n\u79fb\u52a8\u5230\u5f53\u524d\u884c\u7684\u5f00\u59cb\u3002\r\nend-of-line (C-e)\r\n\u79fb\u52a8\u5230\u5f53\u524d\u884c\u7684\u7ed3\u5c3e\u3002\r\nforward-char (C-f)\r\n\u5411\u524d\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u5b57\u3002\r\nbackward-char (C-b)\r\n\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u5b57\u3002\r\nforward-word (M-f)\r\n\u5411\u524d\u79fb\u52a8\u5230\u4e0b\u4e00\u8bcd\u5c3e\u3002\u8bcd\u7531\u5b57\u7b26 (\u5b57\u6bcd\u548c\u6570\u5b57) \u7ec4\u6210\u3002\r\nbackward-word (M-b)\r\n\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u5230\u5f53\u524d\u6216\u4e0a\u4e00\u8bcd\u9996\u3002\r\nclear-screen (C-l)\r\n\u6e05\u9664\u5c4f\u5e55\uff0c\u4fdd\u7559\u5f53\u524d\u884c\u5728\u5c4f\u5e55\u9876\u7aef\u3002\u6709\u53c2\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u5237\u65b0\u5f53\u524d\u884c\uff0c\u4e0d\u6e05\u5c4f\u3002\r\nredraw-current-line\r\n\u5237\u65b0\u5f53\u524d\u884c\u3002\r\nCommands for Manipulating the History \u64cd\u7eb5\u5386\u53f2\u884c\r\naccept-line (Newline, Return)\r\n\u63a5\u53d7\u8fd9\u4e00\u884c\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u5149\u6807\u5728\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u884c\u975e\u7a7a\uff0c\u5c06\u6839\u636e\u53d8\u91cf HISTCONTROL \u7684\u72b6\u6001\u52a0\u5165\u5230\u5386\u53f2\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u884c\u662f\u4fee\u6539\u8fc7\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u884c\uff0c\u5c06\u6062\u590d\u8be5\u5386\u53f2\u884c\u5230\u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\u3002\r\nprevious-history (C-p)\r\n\u4ece\u5386\u53f2\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u53d6\u5f97\u524d\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4ece\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u3002\r\nnext-history (C-n)\r\n\u4ece\u5386\u53f2\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u53d6\u5f97\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4ece\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u5411\u524d\u79fb\u52a8\u3002\r\nbeginning-of-history (M-&lt;)\r\n\u79fb\u52a8\u5230\u5386\u53f2\u4e2d\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u3002\r\nend-of-history (M-&gt;)\r\n\u79fb\u52a8\u5230\u8f93\u5165\u5386\u53f2\u884c\u7684\u672b\u5c3e\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5f53\u524d\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u884c\u7684\u672b\u5c3e\u3002\r\nreverse-search-history (C-r)\r\n\u4ece\u5f53\u524d\u884c\u5f00\u59cb\u5411\u540e\u641c\u7d22\uff0c\u6309\u7167\u9700\u8981\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u4e2d\u5411\u201c\u4e0a\u201d\u79fb\u52a8\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u589e\u91cf\u7684\u641c\u7d22\u3002\r\nforward-search-history (C-s)\r\n\u4ece\u5f53\u524d\u884c\u5f00\u59cb\u5411\u524d\u641c\u7d22\uff0c\u6309\u7167\u9700\u8981\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u4e2d\u5411\u201c\u4e0b\u201d\u79fb\u52a8\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u589e\u91cf\u7684\u641c\u7d22\u3002\r\nnon-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p)\r\n\u4ece\u5f53\u524d\u884c\u5f00\u59cb\u5411\u540e\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u975e\u589e\u91cf\u641c\u7d22\u6765\u67e5\u627e\u7528\u6237\u7ed9\u51fa\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002\r\nnon-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n)\r\n\u4ece\u5f53\u524d\u884c\u5f00\u59cb\u5411\u524d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u975e\u589e\u91cf\u641c\u7d22\u6765\u67e5\u627e\u7528\u6237\u7ed9\u51fa\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002\r\nhistory-search-forward\r\n\u4ece\u5f53\u524d\u884c\u5f00\u59cb\u5411\u524d\u641c\u7d22\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u67e5\u627e\u4ece\u5f53\u524d\u884c\u9996\u5230 point \u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002 \u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u589e\u91cf\u7684\u641c\u7d22\u3002\r\nhistory-search-backward\r\n\u4ece\u5f53\u524d\u884c\u5f00\u59cb\u5411\u540e\u641c\u7d22\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u67e5\u627e\u4ece\u5f53\u524d\u884c\u9996\u5230 point \u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002 \u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u589e\u91cf\u7684\u641c\u7d22\u3002\r\nyank-nth-arg (M-C-y)\r\n\u5c06\u524d\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570 (\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u4e0a\u4e00\u884c\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u8bcd) \u63d2\u5165\u5230 point \u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u6709\u53c2\u6570 n \u65f6\uff0c\u5c06\u524d\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u7b2c n \u4e2a\u8bcd (\u524d\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u4e2d\u7684\u8bcd\u4ece 0 \u5f00\u59cb\u8ba1\u6570) \u63d2\u5165\u5230 point\r\n\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u8d1f\u6570\u53c2\u6570\u5219\u63d2\u5165\u524d\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u5012\u6570\u7b2c n \u4e2a\u8bcd\u3002\r\nyank-last-arg (M-., M-_)\r\n\u63d2\u5165\u524d\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570 (\u4e0a\u4e00\u5386\u53f2\u6761\u76ee\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bcd)\u3002\u6709\u53c2\u6570\u65f6\uff0c \u884c\u4e3a\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e yank-nth-arg\u3002\u540e\u7ee7\u7684 yank-last-arg \u8c03\u7528\u5c06\r\n\u4ece\u5386\u53f2\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\uff0c\u4f9d\u6b21\u5c06\u6bcf\u884c\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u63d2\u5165\u3002\r\nshell-expand-line (M-C-e)\r\n\u6269\u5c55\u884c\uff0c\u50cf shell \u505a\u7684\u90a3\u6837\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u522b\u540d\u548c\u5386\u53f2\u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u6240\u6709\u7684 shell \u8bcd\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u3002 \u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u7684 HISTORY EXPANSION \u4e2d\u5173\u4e8e\u5386\u53f2\u6269\u5c55\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\r\nhistory-expand-line (M-^)\r\n\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u884c\u8fdb\u884c\u5386\u53f2\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u7684 HISTORY EXPANSION \u4e2d\u5173\u4e8e\u5386\u53f2\u6269\u5c55\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\r\nmagic-space\r\n\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u884c\u8fdb\u884c\u5386\u53f2\u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u5e76\u63d2\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u683c\u3002\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u7684 HISTORY EXPANSION \u4e2d\u5173\u4e8e\u5386\u53f2\u6269\u5c55\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\r\nalias-expand-line\r\n\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u884c\u8fdb\u884c\u522b\u540d\u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0a\u9762\u7684 ALIASES \u4e2d\u5173\u4e8e\u522b\u540d\u6269\u5c55\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\r\nhistory-and-alias-expand-line\r\n\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u884c\u8fdb\u884c\u5386\u53f2\u548c\u522b\u540d\u6269\u5c55\u3002\r\ninsert-last-argument (M-., M-_)\r\n\u4e0e yank-last-arg \u540c\u4e49\u3002\r\noperate-and-get-next (C-o)\r\n\u63a5\u53d7\u5f53\u524d\u884c\uff0c\u52a0\u4ee5\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u4ece\u5386\u53f2\u4e2d\u53d6\u51fa\u76f8\u5bf9\u5f53\u524d\u884c\u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c\u8fdb\u884c\u7f16\u8f91\u3002 \u4efb\u4f55\u53c2\u6570\u90fd\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\u3002\r\nedit-and-execute-command (C-xC-e)\r\n\u542f\u52a8\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\uff0c\u7f16\u8f91\u5f53\u524d\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\uff0c\u5c06\u7ed3\u679c\u4f5c\u4e3a shell \u547d\u4ee4\u8fd0\u884c\u3002 Bash \u5c06\u4f9d\u6b21\u8bd5\u7740\u8fd0\u884c $FCEDIT, $EDITOR, \u548c emacs \u4f5c\u4e3a\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\u3002\r\nCommands for Changing Text \u6539\u53d8\u6587\u672c\r\ndelete-char (C-d)\r\n\u5220\u9664 point \u5904\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u3002\u5982\u679c point \u5728\u884c\u9996\uff0c\u884c\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b21\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u5b57\u7b26 \u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u5173\u8054\u5230 delete-char\uff0c\u5c06\u8fd4\u56de EOF.\r\nbackward-delete-char (Rubout)\r\n\u5220\u9664\u5149\u6807\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u3002\u5f53\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u503c\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u4fdd\u5b58\u5220\u9664\u7684\u6587\u672c\u5230 kill ring \u4e2d\u3002\r\nforward-backward-delete-char\r\n\u5220\u9664\u5149\u6807\u4e0b\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u5149\u6807\u5728\u884c\u5c3e\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u5220\u9664\u5149\u6807\u540e\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u3002\r\nquoted-insert (C-q, C-v)\r\n\u5c06\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u5b57\u7b26\u4fdd\u6301\u539f\u6837\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u884c\u4e2d\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5b83\u6765\u63d2\u5165\u7c7b\u4f3c C-q \u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u3002\r\ntab-insert (C-v TAB)\r\n\u63d2\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u8df3\u683c\u7b26\u53f7\u3002\r\nself-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, ...)\r\n\u63d2\u5165\u952e\u5165\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u3002\r\ntranspose-chars (C-t)\r\n\u5c06 point \u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u5411\u524d\u79fb\u52a8\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7 point \u5904\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u6539\u53d8 point \u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002 \u5982\u679c point \u5728\u884c\u5c3e\uff0c\u5c06\u8c03\u6362 point \u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u3002\u8d1f\u6570\u53c2\u6570\u6ca1\u6709\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\r\ntranspose-words (M-t)\r\n\u5c06 point \u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u8bcd\u5411\u524d\u79fb\u52a8\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7 point \u5904\u7684\u8bcd\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u6539\u53d8 point \u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002 \u5982\u679c point \u5728\u884c\u5c3e\uff0c\u5c06\u8c03\u6362\u884c\u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e24\u4e2a\u8bcd\u3002\r\nupcase-word (M-u)\r\n\u5c06\u5f53\u524d (\u6216\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a) \u8bcd\u53d8\u6210\u5168\u5927\u5199\u3002\u6709\u8d1f\u503c\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u5c06\u524d\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bcd\u53d8\u4e3a\u5927\u5199\uff0c \u4f46\u662f\u4e0d\u79fb\u52a8 point\u3002\r\ndowncase-word (M-l)\r\n\u5c06\u5f53\u524d (\u6216\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a) \u8bcd\u53d8\u6210\u5168\u5c0f\u5199\u3002\u6709\u8d1f\u503c\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u5c06\u524d\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bcd\u53d8\u4e3a\u5c0f\u5199\uff0c \u4f46\u662f\u4e0d\u79fb\u52a8 point\u3002\r\ncapitalize-word (M-c)\r\n\u5c06\u5f53\u524d (\u6216\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a) \u8bcd\u53d8\u4e3a\u9996\u5b57\u5927\u5199\u3002\u6709\u8d1f\u503c\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u5c06\u524d\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bcd\u53d8\u4e3a\u9996\u5b57\u5927\u5199\uff0c \u4f46\u662f\u4e0d\u79fb\u52a8 point\u3002\r\noverwrite-mode\r\n\u63a7\u5236\u63d2\u5165\/\u6539\u5199\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b63\u6574\u6570\u53c2\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u5207\u6362\u4e3a\u6539\u5199\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u6b63\u6570 \u53c2\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u5207\u6362\u4e3a\u63d2\u5165\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u53ea\u5f71\u54cd emacs \u6a21\u5f0f\uff1bvi \u6a21\u5f0f \u7684\u6539\u5199\u4e0e\u6b64\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bf9 readline()\r\n\u7684\u8c03\u7528\u90fd\u4ee5\u63d2\u5165\u6a21\u5f0f\u5f00\u59cb\u3002\u5728\u6539\u5199\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\uff0c \u5173\u8054\u5230 self-insert \u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u66ff\u6362 point \u5904\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5c06\u5b83\u63a8\u5230\u53f3\u8fb9\u3002 \u5173\u8054\u5230 backward-delete-char \u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4ee5\u7a7a\u683c\u66ff\u6362 point \u524d\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u3002\r\n\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u6ca1\u6709\u5173\u8054\u3002\r\nKilling and Yanking \u526a\u5207\u548c\u7c98\u8d34\r\nkill-line (C-k)\r\n\u526a\u5207\u4ece point \u5230\u884c\u5c3e\u7684\u6587\u672c\u3002\r\nbackward-kill-line (C-x Rubout)\r\n\u53cd\u5411\u526a\u5207\u5230\u884c\u9996\u3002\r\nunix-line-discard (C-u)\r\n\u53cd\u5411\u526a\u5207\u5230\u884c\u9996\u3002\u4e0e backward-kill-line \u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u533a\u522b\u3002 \u526a\u5207\u7684\u6587\u672c\u88ab\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e8e kill-ring \u4e2d\u3002\r\nkill-whole-line\r\n\u526a\u5207\u5f53\u524d\u884c\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1 point \u5728\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\r\nkill-word (M-d)\r\n\u526a\u5207\u4ece point \u5230\u5f53\u524d\u8bcd\u5c3e\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5982\u679c point \u5728\u8bcd\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u526a\u5207\u5230\u4e0b\u4e00\u8bcd\u5c3e\u3002\r\nbackward-kill-word (M-Rubout)\r\n\u526a\u5207 point \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u8bcd\u3002\u8bcd\u7684\u8fb9\u754c\u4e0e backward-word \u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u76f8\u540c\u3002\r\nunix-word-rubout (C-w)\r\n\u526a\u5207 point \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u8bcd\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u7a7a\u767d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8bcd\u7684\u8fb9\u754c\u3002\u526a\u5207\u7684\u6587\u672c\u88ab\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e8e kill-ring \u4e2d\u3002\r\ndelete-horizontal-space (M-\\)\r\n\u5220\u9664 point \u4e24\u8fb9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u7a7a\u683c\u548c\u8df3\u683c\u3002\r\nkill-region\r\n\u526a\u5207\u5f53\u524d region \u7684\u6587\u672c\u3002\r\ncopy-region-as-kill\r\n\u5c06 region \u7684\u6587\u672c\u590d\u5236\u5230\u526a\u5207\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e2d\u3002\r\ncopy-backward-word\r\n\u5c06 point \u524d\u9762\u7684\u8bcd\u590d\u5236\u5230\u526a\u5207\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e2d\u3002 \u8bcd\u7684\u8fb9\u754c\u4e0e backward-word \u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u76f8\u540c\u3002\r\ncopy-forward-word\r\n\u5c06 point \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u8bcd\u590d\u5236\u5230\u526a\u5207\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e2d\u3002 \u8bcd\u7684\u8fb9\u754c\u4e0e backward-word \u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u76f8\u540c\u3002\r\nyank (C-y)\r\n\u5c06 kill-ring \u9876\u90e8\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u7c98\u8d34\u5230 point \u5904\u7684\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e2d\r\nyank-pop (M-y)\r\n\u8f6e\u8f6c kill-ring\uff0c\u7c98\u8d34\u65b0\u7684\u9876\u90e8\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u53ea\u80fd\u5728 yank \u6216 yank-pop \u4e4b\u540e\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\r\nNumeric Arguments \u6570\u503c\u53c2\u6570\r\ndigit-argument (M-0, M-1, ..., M--)\r\n\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u52a0\u5165\u5df2\u6709\u7684 (already accumulating) \u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5f00\u59cb\u65b0\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u3002 M-- \u5f00\u59cb\u4e00\u4e2a\u5426\u5b9a\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u3002\r\nuniversal-argument\r\n\u8fd9\u662f\u6307\u5b9a\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u540e\u9762\u8ddf\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\uff0c \u53ef\u80fd\u8fd8\u5305\u542b\u524d\u5bfc\u7684\u8d1f\u53f7\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u5b57\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u5982\u679c\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u540e\u8ddf\u968f\u7740\u6570\u5b57\uff0c\u518d\u6b21\u6267\u884c universal-argument\r\n\u5c06\u7ed3\u675f\u6570\u5b57\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5176\u4ed6\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\u3002\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u540e\u7d27\u63a5\u7740 \u4e00\u4e2a\u5e76\u975e\u6570\u5b57\u6216\u8d1f\u53f7\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u4e0b\u4e00\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u8ba1\u6570\u5c06\u4e58\u4ee5 4\u3002 \u53c2\u6570\u8ba1\u6570\u521d\u59cb\u662f\r\n1\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u6267\u884c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u53c2\u6570\u8ba1\u6570\u4e3a 4\uff0c \u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u6267\u884c\u4f7f\u5f97\u53c2\u6570\u8ba1\u6570\u4e3a 16\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u7c7b\u63a8\u3002\r\nCompleting \u8865\u5168\r\ncomplete (TAB)\r\n\u8bd5\u7740\u5bf9 point \u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u6587\u672c\u8fdb\u884c\u8865\u5168\u3002 Bash \u4f9d\u6b21\u8bd5\u7740\u5c06\u6587\u672c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf (\u5982\u679c\u6587\u672c\u4ee5 $ \u5f00\u59cb)\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u540d (\u5982\u679c\u6587\u672c\u4ee5 ~ \u5f00\u59cb)\uff0c\u4e3b\u673a\u540d (\u5982\u679c\u6587\u672c\u4ee5 @ \u5f00\u59cb)\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u547d\u4ee4\r\n(\u4ee5\u53ca\u522b\u540d\u548c\u51fd\u6570) \u6765\u8865\u5168\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u5339\u914d\uff0c\u5c06\u5c1d\u8bd5\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u8865\u5168\u3002\r\npossible-completions (M-?)\r\n\u5217\u51fa point \u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u6587\u672c\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u8865\u5168\u3002\r\ninsert-completions (M-*)\r\n\u63d2\u5165 possible-completions \u5df2\u4ea7\u751f\u7684 point \u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u6587\u672c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8865\u5168\u3002\r\nmenu-complete\r\n\u4e0e complete \u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u8865\u5168\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u67d0\u4e2a\u5339\u914d\u66ff\u6362\u8981\u8865\u5168\u7684\u8bcd\u3002 \u91cd\u590d\u6267\u884c menu-complete \u5c06\u904d\u5386\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u8865\u5168\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u63d2\u5165\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5339\u914d\u3002 \u5230\u8fbe\u8865\u5168\u5217\u8868\u7684\u7ed3\u5c3e\u65f6\uff0c\u9e23\u7ec8\u7aef\u54cd\u94c3 (\u6309\u7167\r\nbell-style \u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6765\u505a) \u5e76\u6062\u590d\u521d\u59cb\u7684\u6587\u672c\u3002 \u53c2\u6570 n \u5c06\u5728\u5339\u914d\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u5411\u524d\u79fb\u52a8 n \u6b65\uff1b\u8d1f\u6570\u53c2\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u5728\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u3002 \u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u5e94\u5f53\u4e0e TAB \u952e\u5173\u8054\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u5173\u8054\u7684\u3002\r\ndelete-char-or-list\r\n\u5220\u9664\u5149\u6807\u4e0b\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u884c\u9996\u6216\u884c\u5c3e (\u7c7b\u4f3c delete-char)\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u5728\u884c\u5c3e\uff0c\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0e possible-completions \u4e00\u81f4\u3002 \u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6ca1\u6709\u5173\u8054\u3002\r\ncomplete-filename (M-\/)\r\n\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5bf9 point \u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u6587\u672c\u8fdb\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u8865\u5168\u3002\r\npossible-filename-completions (C-x \/)\r\n\u5217\u51fa point \u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u6587\u672c\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u8865\u5168\uff0c\u5c06\u5b83\u89c6\u4e3a\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u3002\r\ncomplete-username (M-~)\r\n\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5bf9 point \u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u6587\u672c\u8fdb\u884c\u8865\u5168\uff0c\u5c06\u5b83\u89c6\u4e3a\u7528\u6237\u540d\u3002\r\npossible-username-completions (C-x ~)\r\n\u5217\u51fa point \u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u6587\u672c\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u8865\u5168\uff0c\u5c06\u5b83\u89c6\u4e3a\u7528\u6237\u540d\u3002\r\ncomplete-variable (M-$)\r\n\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5bf9 point \u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u6587\u672c\u8fdb\u884c\u8865\u5168\uff0c\u5c06\u5b83\u89c6\u4e3a shell \u53d8\u91cf\u3002\r\npossible-variable-completions (C-x $)\r\n\u5217\u51fa point \u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u6587\u672c\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u8865\u5168\uff0c\u5c06\u5b83\u89c6\u4e3a shell \u53d8\u91cf\u3002\r\ncomplete-hostname (M-@)\r\n\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5bf9 point \u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u6587\u672c\u8fdb\u884c\u8865\u5168\uff0c\u5c06\u5b83\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\u3002\r\npossible-hostname-completions (C-x @)\r\n\u5217\u51fa point \u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u6587\u672c\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u8865\u5168\uff0c\u5c06\u5b83\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\u3002\r\ncomplete-command (M-!)\r\n\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5bf9 point \u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u6587\u672c\u8fdb\u884c\u8865\u5168\uff0c\u5c06\u5b83\u89c6\u4e3a\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u3002\u547d\u4ee4\u8865\u5168\u5c1d\u8bd5\u7740\u5c06\u6b64\u6587\u672c \u4f9d\u6b21\u4e0e\u522b\u540d\uff0c\u4fdd\u7559\u5b57\uff0cshell \u51fd\u6570\uff0cshell \u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u662f\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u8fdb\u884c\u5339\u914d\u3002\r\npossible-command-completions (C-x !)\r\n\u5217\u51fa point \u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u6587\u672c\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u8865\u5168\uff0c\u5c06\u5b83\u89c6\u4e3a\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u3002\r\ndynamic-complete-history (M-TAB)\r\n\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5bf9 point \u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u6587\u672c\u8fdb\u884c\u8865\u5168\uff0c\u5c06\u6b64\u6587\u672c\u4e0e\u5386\u53f2\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u884c\u76f8\u6bd4\u8f83\u6765\u67e5\u627e\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u8865\u5168\u5339\u914d\u3002\r\ncomplete-into-braces (M-{)\r\n\u8fdb\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u8865\u5168\uff0c\u5c06\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u8865\u5168\u5217\u8868\u653e\u5728\u82b1\u62ec\u53f7\u4e2d\u63d2\u5165\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5217\u8868\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab shell \u4f7f\u7528 (\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0a\u9762\u7684 Brace Expansion \u82b1\u62ec\u53f7\u6269\u5c55)\u3002\r\nKeyboard Macros \u5b8f\r\nstart-kbd-macro (C-x ()\r\n\u5f00\u59cb\u4fdd\u5b58\u8f93\u5165\u5b57\u7b26\u4e3a\u5f53\u524d\u952e\u76d8\u5b8f\u3002\r\nend-kbd-macro (C-x ))\r\n\u505c\u6b62\u4fdd\u5b58\u8f93\u5165\u5b57\u7b26\u4e3a\u5f53\u524d\u952e\u76d8\u5b8f\uff0c\u4fdd\u5b58\u5b8f\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002\r\ncall-last-kbd-macro (C-x e)\r\n\u91cd\u65b0\u6267\u884c\u4e0a\u6b21\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u952e\u76d8\u5b8f\uff0c\u5373\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u5b8f\u4e2d\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u597d\u50cf\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u4ece\u952e\u76d8\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u4e00\u6837\u3002\r\nMiscellaneous\r\nre-read-init-file (C-x C-r)\r\n\u8bfb\u5165 inputrc \u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5408\u5e76\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u6309\u952e\u5173\u8054\u548c\u53d8\u91cf\u8d4b\u503c\u3002\r\nabort (C-g)\r\n\u53d6\u6d88\u5f53\u524d\u7f16\u8f91\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u9e23\u7ec8\u7aef\u54cd\u94c3 (\u6309\u7167 bell-style \u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6765\u505a)\u3002\r\ndo-uppercase-version (M-a, M-b, M-x, ...)\r\n\u5982\u679c\u6709 Meta \u524d\u7f00\u7684\u5b57\u7b26 x \u662f\u5c0f\u5199\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4e0e\u547d\u4ee4\u76f8\u5173\u8fde\u7684\u662f\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5927\u5199\u5b57\u7b26\u3002\r\nprefix-meta (ESC)\r\n\u5c06\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u52a0\u4e0a Meta \u524d\u7f00\u3002 ESC f \u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e Meta-f.\r\nundo (C-_, C-x C-u)\r\n\u589e\u91cf\u7684\u64a4\u9500\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u8bb0\u4f4f\u6bcf\u4e00\u884c\u3002\r\nrevert-line (M-r)\r\n\u64a4\u9500\u8fd9\u4e00\u884c\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4fee\u6539\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0e\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4 undo \u8db3\u591f\u591a\u6b21\u7684\u6548\u679c\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e00\u884c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\u3002\r\ntilde-expand (M-&amp;)\r\n\u5bf9\u5f53\u524d\u8bcd\u8fdb\u884c\u6ce2\u6d6a\u7ebf\u6269\u5c55\u3002\r\nset-mark (C-@, M-&lt;space&gt;)\r\n\u5728 point \u5904\u8bbe\u7f6e mark\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u6570\u503c\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u6807\u8bb0\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5230\u90a3\u4e2a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\r\nexchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x)\r\n\u4ea4\u6362 point \u548c mark\u3002\u5f53\u524d\u5149\u6807\u4f4d\u7f6e\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u4fdd\u5b58\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u65e7\u5149\u6807\u4f4d\u7f6e\u88ab\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e3a mark\u3002\r\ncharacter-search (C-])\r\n\u8bfb\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\uff0cpoint \u79fb\u52a8\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b21\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u8d1f\u6570\u5c06\u641c\u7d22\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\r\ncharacter-search-backward (M-C-])\r\n\u8bfb\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\uff0cpoint \u79fb\u52a8\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e0a\u4e00\u6b21\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u8d1f\u6570\u5c06\u641c\u7d22\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\r\ninsert-comment (M-#)\r\n\u6ca1\u6709\u6570\u503c\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u65f6\uff0creadline \u53d8\u91cf comment-begin \u7684\u503c\u5c06\u88ab\u63d2\u5165\u5230\u5f53\u524d\u884c\u9996\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u503c\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f00\u5173\uff1a \u5982\u679c\u884c\u9996\u5b57\u7b26\u4e0d\u5339\u914d comment-begin\r\n\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u5c06\u63d2\u5165\u8fd9\u4e2a\u503c\uff0c\u5426\u5219 \u5339\u914d comment-begin \u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u5c06\u88ab\u4ece\u884c\u9996\u5220\u9664\u3002\u5728\u4e24\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u884c\u90fd\u88ab\u63a5\u53d7\uff0c \u597d\u50cf\u8f93\u5165\u4e86\u65b0\u884c\u7b26\u4e00\u6837\u3002comment-begin \u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u4f7f\u5f97\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u884c\u53d8\u6210 \u4e00\u6761\r\nshell \u6ce8\u91ca\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6570\u503c\u53c2\u6570\u4f7f\u5f97\u6ce8\u91ca\u5b57\u7b26\u88ab\u5220\u9664\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u884c\u5c06\u88ab shell \u6267\u884c\u3002\r\nglob-complete-word (M-g)\r\npoint \u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u8bcd\u88ab\u5f53\u4f5c\u8def\u5f84\u6269\u5c55\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5c3e\u90e8\u6697\u542b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u661f\u53f7\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6a21\u5f0f\u88ab\u7528\u6765 \u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u8865\u5168\u4ea7\u751f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u5217\u8868\u3002\r\nglob-expand-word (C-x *)\r\npoint \u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u8bcd\u88ab\u5f53\u4f5c\u8def\u5f84\u6269\u5c55\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5339\u914d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u7684\u5217\u8868\u88ab\u63d2\u5165\uff0c\u66ff\u6362\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u503c\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5728\u8def\u5f84\u6269\u5c55\u4e4b\u524d\u5c06\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u661f\u53f7\u3002\r\nglob-list-expansions (C-x g)\r\n\u663e\u793a glob-expand-word \u53ef\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u7684\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u91cd\u7ed8\u5f53\u524d\u884c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u503c\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5728\u8def\u5f84\u6269\u5c55\u4e4b\u524d\u5c06\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u661f\u53f7\u3002\r\ndump-functions\r\n\u5411 readline \u8f93\u51fa\u6d41\u6253\u5370\u6240\u6709\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u6309\u952e\u5173\u8054\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u503c\u53c2\u6570\uff0c \u8f93\u51fa\u5c06\u88ab\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4f5c inputrc \u6587\u4ef6\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\r\ndump-variables\r\n\u5411 readline \u8f93\u51fa\u6d41\u6253\u5370\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684 readline \u51fd\u6570\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u503c\u53c2\u6570\uff0c \u8f93\u51fa\u5c06\u88ab\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4f5c inputrc \u6587\u4ef6\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\r\ndump-macros\r\n\u5411 readline \u8f93\u51fa\u6d41\u6253\u5370\u6240\u6709\u5173\u8054\u5230\u5b8f\u7684 readline \u6309\u952e\u5e8f\u5217\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u4eec\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u503c\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u8f93\u51fa\u5c06\u88ab\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4f5c inputrc \u6587\u4ef6\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\r\ndisplay-shell-version (C-x C-v)\r\n\u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d bash \u5b9e\u4f8b\u7684\u7248\u672c\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\r\nProgrammable Completion \u53ef\u7f16\u7a0b\u8865\u5168\r\n\u5f53\u8bd5\u56fe\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u8fdb\u884c\u8bcd\u7684\u8865\u5168\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5df2\u7ecf\u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4 complete \u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8865\u5168\u89c4\u5219 ( compspec)\uff0c\u5c06\u542f\u52a8\u53ef\u7f16\u7a0b\u8865\u5168\u529f\u80fd (\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u7684 shell \u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4(SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS)\r\n\u7ae0\u8282)\u3002\r\n\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u88ab\u786e\u8ba4\u3002\u5982\u679c\u9488\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u6709\u8865\u5168\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c06\u4f7f\u7528 \u89c4\u5219\u6765\u4ea7\u751f\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u8bcd\u7684\u8865\u5168\u7684\u5217\u8868\u3002\u5982\u679c\u547d\u4ee4\u8bcd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8def\u5f84\u5168\u540d\uff0c\u5c06\u9996\u5148\u641c\u7d22\r\n\u9488\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8def\u5f84\u5168\u540d\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u5982\u679c\u9488\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8def\u5f84\u5168\u540d\u6ca1\u6709\u627e\u5230\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u5c06\u5c1d\u8bd5\u67e5\u627e \u9488\u5bf9\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u659c\u6760\u540e\u9762\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u3002\r\n\u4e00\u65e6\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u7528\u4f5c\u4ea7\u751f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u8bcd\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u627e\u5230\uff0c\u5c06\u8fdb\u884c\u4e0a\u9762 Completing \u4e2d\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684 bash \u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u8865\u5168\u3002\r\n\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5c06\u6267\u884c\u89c4\u5219\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u4ee5\u88ab\u8865\u5168\u7684\u8bcd\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u5339\u914d\u8bcd\u624d\u4f1a\u88ab\u8fd4\u56de\u3002 \u5f53\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\u540d\u8865\u5168\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528 -f \u6216 -d \u9009\u9879\u65f6\uff0cshell \u53d8\u91cf FIGNORE \u5c06\u7528\u4e8e\u5bf9\u5339\u914d\u8fdb\u884c\u8fc7\u6ee4\u3002\r\n\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u5c06\u4ea7\u751f\u6240\u6709\u7531-G \u9009\u9879\u7ed9\u51fa\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u8865\u5168\u3002 \u6a21\u5f0f\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u8bcd\u4e0d\u5fc5\u5339\u914d\u8981\u8865\u5168\u7684\u8bcd\u3002shell \u53d8\u91cf GLOBIGNORE \u4e0d\u4f1a\u7528\u4e8e\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5339\u914d\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u53d8\u91cf FIGNORE \u4f1a\u88ab\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\r\n\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u5c06\u8003\u8651 -W \u9009\u9879\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u9996\u5148\u88ab \u5212\u5206\uff0c\u7528\u7279\u6b8a\u53d8\u91cf IFS \u4e2d\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u3002shell \u5f15\u7528\u88ab\u5f53\u4f5c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bcd\u3002 \u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8bcd\u88ab\u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0a\u9762 EXPANSION \u4e2d\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\r\nbrace expansion, tilde expansion, parameter \u548c variable expansion, command substitution, arithmetic expansion, \u4ee5\u53ca pathname expansion \u89c4\u5219\u5904\u7406\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u518d\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0a\u9762 Word\r\nSplitting \u4e2d\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u5212\u5206\u6210\u8bcd\u3002 \u6269\u5c55\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0e\u8981\u8865\u5168\u7684\u8bcd\u8fdb\u884c\u524d\u90e8\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0c\u5339\u914d\u7684\u8bcd\u6210\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u8865\u5168\u3002\r\n\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5339\u914d\u88ab\u4ea7\u751f\u540e\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u7531 -F \u548c -C \u9009\u9879\u6307\u5b9a\u7684 shell \u51fd\u6570\u548c\u547d\u4ee4\u5c06\u88ab\u6267\u884c\u3002\u5f53\u547d\u4ee4\u6216\u51fd\u6570\u88ab\u6267\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u53d8\u91cf COMP_LINE \u548c COMP_POINT \u88ab\u8d4b\u503c\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0a\u9762 Shell Variables \u4e2d\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u3002\r\n\u5982\u679c\u8981\u6267\u884c shell \u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u8fd8\u5c06\u8bbe\u7f6e\u53d8\u91cf COMP_WORDS \u548c COMP_CWORD \u5f53\u51fd\u6570\u6216\u547d\u4ee4\u88ab\u6267\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u662f\u7b49\u5f85\u53c2\u6570\u88ab\u8865\u5168\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u540d\u79f0\uff0c\r\n\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u662f\u8981\u8865\u5168\u7684\u8bcd\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u662f\u5f53\u524d\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u4e2d\uff0c\u8981\u8865\u5168\u7684\u8bcd\u524d\u9762\u7684\u8bcd\u3002 \u5bf9\u8981\u8865\u5168\u7684\u8bcd\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u8865\u5168\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8fdb\u884c\u4efb\u4f55\u8fc7\u6ee4\uff1b\u51fd\u6570\u6216\u547d\u4ee4\u5728\u4ea7\u751f\u5339\u914d\u65f6\u6709\u5b8c\u5168\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u3002\r\n\u4efb\u4f55 -F \u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u5c06\u88ab\u9996\u5148\u6267\u884c\u3002\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4efb\u4f55 shell \u529f\u80fd\uff0c \u5305\u542b\u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4 compgen\uff0c\u6765\u4ea7\u751f\u5339\u914d\u3002\u5b83\u5fc5\u987b\u5c06\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u8865\u5168\u653e\u5230\u6570\u7ec4\u53d8\u91cf COMPREPLY \u4e2d\u3002\r\n\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55 -C \u9009\u9879\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u5c06\u88ab\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u5176\u6267\u884c\u73af\u5883\u4e0e\u547d\u4ee4\u66ff\u6362 \u7684\u73af\u5883\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u5b83\u5e94\u5f53\u5411\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u6253\u5370\u4e00\u4e2a\u8865\u5168\u7684\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u6bcf\u884c\u4e00\u4e2a\u3002 \u53cd\u659c\u6760\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u8f6c\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u884c\u7b26\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u9700\u8981\u7684\u8bdd\u3002\r\n\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u8865\u5168\u90fd\u4ea7\u751f\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5c06\u5bf9\u5217\u8868\u8fdb\u884c -X \u9009\u9879\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u8fc7\u6ee4\u3002 \u8fc7\u6ee4\u5668\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u548c\u8def\u5f84\u540d\u6269\u5c55\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u6837\uff1b\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u7684 &amp; \u66ff\u6362\u4e3a \u8981\u8865\u5168\u7684\u8bcd\u3002\u5b57\u9762\u4e0a\u7684 &amp;\r\n\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u53cd\u659c\u6760\u8f6c\u4e49\uff1b\u53cd\u659c\u6760\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u5339\u914d\u65f6\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u3002 \u4efb\u4f55\u5339\u914d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u8865\u5168\u5c06\u4ece\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u3002\u524d\u5bfc\u7684 ! \u5c06\u4f7f\u6a21\u5f0f\u542b\u4e49\u76f8\u53cd\uff1b \u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u4e0d\u5339\u914d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u8865\u5168\u5c06\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u3002\r\n\u6700\u540e\uff0cB-P \u548c -S \u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u524d\u7f00\u548c\u540e\u7f00\u88ab\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u8865\u5168\u5217\u8868\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a \u6210\u5458\u540e\u9762\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed9 readline \u8865\u5168\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u8865\u5168\u5217\u8868\u3002\r\n\u5982\u679c\u5148\u524d\u6267\u884c\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u6ca1\u6709\u4ea7\u751f\u4efb\u4f55\u5339\u914d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u5b9a\u4e49 compspec \u89c4\u5219\u65f6\uff0c\u4e3a complete \u547d\u4ee4\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86 -o dirname \u9009\u9879\uff0c\u5c06\u5c1d\u8bd5\u76ee\u5f55\u540d\u8865\u5168\u3002\r\n\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u5b83\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u4e1c\u897f\u90fd\u88ab\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed9\u8865\u5168\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c \u4f5c\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u8865\u5168\u7684\u5168\u96c6\u3002\u4e0d\u518d\u5c1d\u8bd5\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684 bash \u8865\u5168\uff0creadline \u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684 \u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u8865\u5168\u4e5f\u4f1a\u7981\u6b62\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5b9a\u4e49\u89c4\u5219\u65f6\uff0c\u4e3a\r\ncomplete \u547d\u4ee4\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86 -o default \u9009\u9879\uff0c\u5728\u89c4\u5219\u6ca1\u6709\u4ea7\u751f\u5339\u914d\u65f6\u5c06\u8fdb\u884c readline \u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u8865\u5168\u5904\u7406\u3002\r\n\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u89c4\u5219\u6307\u51fa\u671f\u671b\u76ee\u5f55\u540d\u8865\u5168\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u7f16\u7a0b\u8865\u5168\u51fd\u6570\u5f3a\u5236 readline \u5728\u8865\u5168\u7684\u540d\u79f0 \u540e\u9762\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u659c\u6760\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5230\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u7136\u540e\u8fd8\u8981\u7ecf\u8fc7 readline \u53d8\u91cf mark-directories\r\n\u7684\u503c\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1 readline \u53d8\u91cf mark-symlinked-directories \u7684\u503c\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002\r\n\u5386\u53f2(HISTORY)\r\n\u5f53\u542f\u7528\u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4 set \u7684 -o history \u9009\u9879\u65f6\uff0cshell \u5141\u8bb8\u8bbf\u95ee command history\uff0c\u4ee5\u524d\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u5217\u8868\u3002 HISTSIZE \u7684\u503c\u7528\u4f5c\u547d\u4ee4\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u4fdd\u5b58\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u6570\u91cf\u3002 \u8fc7\u53bb HISTSIZE \u4e2a (\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3a500)\r\n\u547d\u4ee4\u5c06\u88ab\u4fdd\u5b58\u3002shell \u5c06\u6bcf\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u548c\u53d8\u91cf\u6269\u5c55\u4e4b\u524d \u4fdd\u5b58\u5230\u5386\u53f2\u5217\u8868\u4e2d (\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0a\u9762\u7684 EXPANSION \u6bb5\u843d)\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u662f\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u6269\u5c55\u8fdb\u884c\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8981\u7ecf\u8fc7 shell \u53d8\u91cf HISTIGNORE \u548c HISTCONTROL\r\n\u5904\u7406\u3002\r\n\u5728\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u6839\u636e\u4ee5\u53d8\u91cf HISTFILE \u7684\u503c\u4e3a\u540d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6 (\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662f ~\/.bash_history) \u8fdb\u884c\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u9700\u8981\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u4ee5 HISTFILE \u4e3a\u540d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5c06\u88ab\u622a\u65ad\uff0c\u6765\u5305\u542b\u4e0d\u8d85\u8fc7\u53d8\u91cf HISTFILESIZE\r\n\u7684\u503c\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u884c\u6570\u3002\u5f53\u4ea4\u4e92 shell \u9000\u51fa\u65f6\uff0c\u6700\u540e $HISTSIZE \u884c\u88ab\u4ece\u5386\u53f2\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u590d\u5236\u5230 $HISTFILE \u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u542f\u7528\u4e86 shell \u9009\u9879 histappend (\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u7684 shell \u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4(SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS)\r\n\u7ae0\u8282\u4e2d\u5bf9\u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4 shopt \u7684\u63cf\u8ff0)\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u884c\u88ab\u8ffd\u52a0\u5230\u5386\u53f2\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u5386\u53f2\u6587\u4ef6\u88ab\u8986\u76d6\u3002\u5982\u679c HISTFILE \u88ab\u53d6\u6d88\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5982\u679c\u5386\u53f2\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u53ef\u5199\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u5c06\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4fdd\u5b58\u3002\u4fdd\u5b58\u5386\u53f2\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\r\n\u5386\u53f2\u6587\u4ef6\u88ab\u622a\u65ad\uff0c\u4ee5\u5305\u542b\u4e0d\u8d85\u8fc7 HISTFILESIZE \u884c\u3002\u5982\u679c HISTFILESIZE \u88ab\u53d6\u6d88\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8fdb\u884c\u622a\u65ad\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\r\n\u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4 fc (\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u7684 shell \u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4(SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS) \u7ae0\u8282) \u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u5217\u51fa\u6216\u4fee\u6539\u5e76\u91cd\u65b0\u6267\u884c\u5386\u53f2\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4 history\r\n\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u663e\u793a\u6216\u4fee\u6539\u5386\u53f2\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u64cd\u4f5c\u5386\u53f2\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u5f53\u4f7f\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u7f16\u8f91\u65f6\uff0c\u6bcf\u79cd \u7f16\u8f91\u6a21\u5f0f\u90fd\u6709\u641c\u7d22\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u5bf9\u5386\u53f2\u5217\u8868\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002\r\nshell \u5141\u8bb8\u63a7\u5236\u54ea\u4e9b\u547d\u4ee4\u88ab\u4fdd\u5b58\u5230\u5386\u53f2\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbe\u7f6e HISTCONTROL \u548c HISTIGNORE \u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u6765\u4f7f\u5f97 shell \u53ea\u4fdd\u5b58\u8f93\u5165\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u96c6\u3002shell \u9009\u9879 cmdhist \u5982\u679c\u88ab\u542f\u7528\uff0c\u5c06\u4f7f\u5f97 shell\r\n\u5c06\u591a\u884c\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u884c\u4fdd\u5b58\u5230\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5386\u53f2\u6761\u76ee\u4e2d\uff0c \u5728\u9700\u8981\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u6dfb\u52a0\u5206\u53f7\u6765\u4fdd\u8bc1\u8bed\u4e49\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u6027\u3002shell \u9009\u9879 lithist \u4f7f\u5f97 shell \u4fdd\u5b58\u547d\u4ee4\u65f6\uff0c\u4fdd\u7559\u5d4c\u5165\u7684\u65b0\u884c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7528\u5206\u53f7\u4ee3\u66ff\u3002\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762 shell\r\n\u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4(SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS) \u4e2d\uff0c\u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4 shopt \u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u6709\u5173\u8bbe\u7f6e\u548c\u53d6\u6d88 shell \u9009\u9879\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\r\n\u5386\u53f2\u6269\u5c55(\"HISTORY EXPANSION\")\r\nshell \u652f\u6301\u5386\u53f2\u6269\u5c55\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e csh \u4e2d\u5386\u53f2\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u8282\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u5728\u4ea4\u4e92\u7684 shell \u4e2d\u8fd9\u4e00\u673a\u5236\u88ab\u9ed8\u8ba4\u542f\u7528\uff0c \u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4 set \u7684 -H \u9009\u9879\u6765\u7981\u7528\u5b83 (\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u7684 shell\r\n\u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4(SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS) \u7ae0\u8282)\u3002\u975e\u4ea4\u4e92\u7684 shell \u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u5386\u53f2\u6269\u5c55\u3002\r\n\u5386\u53f2\u6269\u5c55\u5c06\u5386\u53f2\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u8bcd\u5f15\u5165\u8f93\u5165\u6d41\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u53ef\u4ee5\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u91cd\u590d\u5df2\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c \u5728\u5f53\u524d\u8f93\u5165\u884c\u4e2d\u4e3a\u524d\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u63d2\u5165\u65b0\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c \u6216\u8005\u5feb\u901f\u4fee\u6b63\u524d\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u4e2d\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u3002\r\n\u5386\u53f2\u6269\u5c55\u5728\u8bfb\u5165\u4e00\u6574\u884c\u540e\uff0c\u5728 shell \u5c06\u5b83\u62c6\u5206\u6210\u8bcd\u4e4b\u524d\u7acb\u5373\u8fdb\u884c\u3002\u5b83 \u7531\u4e24\u90e8\u5206\u7ec4\u6210\u3002\u9996\u5148\u662f\u5224\u65ad\u66ff\u6362\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u5386\u53f2\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u54ea\u4e00\u884c\u3002\u5176\u6b21\u662f\u9009\u62e9\u90a3\u4e00\u884c\u4e2d\u8981\u5305\u542b\u5230\u5f53\u524d\u884c\u4e2d\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u3002 \u4ece\u5386\u53f2\u4e2d\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u884c\u79f0\u4e3a\r\nevent\uff0c\u4ece\u90a3\u4e00\u884c\u4e2d\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u662f words\u3002 \u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u591a\u79cd\u591a\u6837\u7684 modifiers \u6765\u64cd\u7eb5\u6240\u9009\u7684\u8bcd\u3002\u5728\u8bfb\u5165\u8f93\u5165\u65f6\uff0c\u884c\u88ab\u6309\u7167\u540c\u6837\u65b9\u5f0f\u5206\u89e3\u6210\u8bcd\uff0c \u56e0\u6b64\u591a\u4e2a\u4ee5 metacharacter\r\n\u5206\u9694\u7684\u8bcd\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u5f15\u53f7\u5305\u542b\uff0c\u5c31\u88ab\u5f53\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bcd\u3002 \u5386\u53f2\u6269\u5c55\u7531\u5386\u53f2\u6269\u5c55\u5b57\u7b26\u5f15\u5165\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662f !\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u53cd\u659c\u6760 (\\) \u548c\u5355\u5f15\u53f7\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f15\u7528\u5386\u53f2\u6269\u5c55\u5b57\u7b26\u3002\r\n\u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4 shopt \u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbe\u5b9a\u591a\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u503c\uff0c\u6765\u8c03\u6574\u5386\u53f2\u6269\u5c55\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u5982\u679c shell \u9009\u9879 histverify \u88ab\u542f\u7528 (\u53c2\u89c1\u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4 shopt \u7684\u63cf\u8ff0)\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6b63\u5728\u4f7f\u7528 readline\uff0c \u5386\u53f2\u66ff\u6362\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u7acb\u5373\u4f20\u7ed9 shell\r\n\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u3002\u4e0e\u6b64\u76f8\u5bf9\uff0c\u6269\u5c55\u540e\u7684\u884c\u88ab\u91cd\u65b0\u8f7d\u5165 readline \u7f16\u8f91\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u4fee\u6539\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6b63\u5728\u4f7f\u7528 readline\uff0c \u5e76\u4e14\u542f\u7528\u4e86 shell \u9009\u9879 histreedit\uff0c \u5931\u8d25\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u66ff\u6362\u5c06\u88ab\u91cd\u65b0\u8f7d\u5165\u5230 readline\r\n\u7f16\u8f91\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u6539\u6b63\u3002\u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4 history \u7684 -p \u9009\u9879\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u5728\u6267\u884c\u4e4b\u524d\u67e5\u770b\u5386\u53f2\u6269\u5c55\u5c06\u5982\u4f55\u8fdb\u884c\u3002\u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4 history \u7684 -s \u9009\u9879\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u5217\u8868\u672b\u5c3e\u6dfb\u52a0\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u771f\u6b63\u6267\u884c\u5b83\u4eec\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\r\n\u5728\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u8c03\u7528\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\u4eec\u3002\r\nshell \u5141\u8bb8\u63a7\u5236\u5386\u53f2\u6269\u5c55\u673a\u5236\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u591a\u79cd\u5b57\u7b26 (\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0a\u9762\u7684 Shell Variables \u4e2d histchars \u7684\u63cf\u8ff0)\u3002\r\nEvent Designators\r\n\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6307\u793a\u5668 (event designator) \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u5386\u53f2\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u67d0\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u6761\u76ee\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u3002\r\n! \u5f00\u59cb\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u66ff\u6362\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u540e\u9762\u8ddf\u968f\u7684\u662f blank, newline, = \u6216\u662f (.\r\n!n \u5f15\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\u884c n.\r\n!-n \u5f15\u7528\u5f53\u524d\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u51cf\u53bb n.\r\n!! \u5f15\u7528\u4e0a\u4e00\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u8fd9\u662f `!-1' \u7684\u540c\u4e49\u8bcd\u3002\r\n!string\r\n\u5f15\u7528\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u4ee5 string \u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\r\n!?string[?]\r\n\u5f15\u7528\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u5305\u542b string \u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u5c3e\u90e8\u7684 ? \u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\uff0c\u5982\u679c string \u4e4b\u540e\u7d27\u63a5\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u884c\u7b26\u3002\r\n^string1^string2^\r\n\u5feb\u901f\u66ff\u6362\u3002\u91cd\u590d\u4e0a\u4e00\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5c06 string1 \u66ff\u6362\u4e3a string2. \u4e0e ``!!:s\/string1\/string2\/'' \u7b49\u4ef7 (\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u7684 \u4fee\u9970\u7b26 (Modifiers))\u3002\r\n!# \u5230\u6b64\u4e3a\u6b62\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u6574\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u3002\r\nWord Designators\r\n\u8bcd\u6307\u793a\u5668 (word designator) \u7528\u4e8e\u4ece event \u4e2d\u9009\u62e9\u671f\u671b\u7684\u8bcd\u3002 : \u5206\u9694 event \u89c4\u5219\u4e0e word \u6307\u793a\u5668\u3002\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u5ffd\u7565\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8bcd\u6307\u793a\u5668\u4ee5 ^, $, *, -, \u6216 % \u5f00\u59cb\u3002\u8bcd\u88ab\u4ece\u884c\u9996\u5f00\u59cb\u7f16\u53f7\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bcd\u88ab\u8868\u793a\u4e3a\r\n0\u3002\u63d2\u5165\u5f53\u524d\u884c\u4e2d\u7684\u8bcd\u4ee5\u5355\u4e2a\u7a7a\u683c\u5206\u9694\u3002\r\n0 (zero)\r\n\u7b2c 0 \u4e2a\u8bcd\u3002\u5bf9 shell \u6765\u5c06\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u3002\r\nn \u7b2c n \u4e2a\u8bcd\u3002\r\n^ \u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\uff0c\u7b2c 1 \u4e2a\u8bcd\u3002\r\n$ \u6700\u540e\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u3002\r\n% \u6700\u8fd1\u4e00\u6b21\u641c\u7d22 `?string?' \u5339\u914d\u7684\u8bcd\u3002\r\nx-y \u4e00\u7ec4\u8bcd\uff1b`-y' \u662f `0-y' \u7684\u7b80\u5199\u3002\r\n* \u6240\u6709\u8bcd\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u7b2c 0 \u4e2a\u3002\u8fd9\u662f `1-$' \u7684\u540c\u4e49\u8bcd\u3002\u5982\u679c event \u4e2d\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bcd\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 * \u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u9519\u8bef\uff1b\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5c06\u8fd4\u56de\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002\r\nx* x-$ \u7684\u7b80\u5199\u3002\r\nx- -$ \u7684\u7b80\u5199\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf x* \u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5ffd\u7565\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bcd\u3002\r\n\u5982\u679c\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a word \u6307\u793a\u5668\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed9\u51fa event \u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u524d\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u5c06\u7528\u4f5c event\u3002\r\n\u4fee\u9970\u7b26 (Modifiers)\r\n\u53ef\u9009\u7684 word \u6307\u793a\u5668\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u51fa\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u4e0b\u8ff0 modifiers \u7684\u5e8f\u5217\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u90fd\u524d\u7f00\u6709 `:'\u3002\r\nh \u5220\u9664\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u5c3e\u90e8\uff0c\u53ea\u4fdd\u7559\u5934\u90e8\u3002\r\nt \u5220\u9664\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u7ec4\u6210\u4e2d\u524d\u9762\u7684\u6210\u5206\uff0c\u4fdd\u7559\u5c3e\u90e8\u3002\r\nr \u5220\u9664 .xxx \u5f62\u5f0f\u4e2d\u5c3e\u90e8\u7684\u540e\u7f00\u6210\u5206\uff0c\u4fdd\u7559\u57fa\u672c\u540d\u79f0\u90e8\u5206\u3002\r\ne \u5220\u9664\u6240\u6709\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u4fdd\u7559\u5c3e\u90e8\u7684\u540e\u7f00\u3002\r\np \u6253\u5370\u65b0\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e0d\u6267\u884c\u5b83\u3002\r\nq \u5f15\u7528\u66ff\u6362\u6240\u5f97\u7684\u8bcd\uff0c\u4f7f\u5b83\u4e0d\u518d\u8fdb\u884c\u66ff\u6362\u3002\r\nx \u5f15\u7528\u66ff\u6362\u6240\u5f97\u7684\u8bcd\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e0e q, \u4f46\u662f\u4f1a\u6839\u636e blanks\uff0c\u7a7a\u767d \u548c\u65b0\u884c\u7b26\u5206\u89e3\u4e3a\u8bcd\u3002\r\ns\/old\/new\/\r\n\u5c06\u4e8b\u4ef6\u884c\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a old \u66ff\u6362\u4e3a new\u3002 \u4efb\u4f55\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u4ee3\u66ff \/\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u662f\u53ef\u9009\u7684\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5b83\u662f\u4e8b\u4ef6\u884c\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u3002 old \u548c new\r\n\u4e2d\u7684\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u53cd\u659c\u6760\u6765\u5f15\u7528\u3002\u5982\u679c &amp; \u51fa\u73b0\u5728 new \u4e2d\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a old\u3002 \u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5355\u4e2a\u53cd\u659c\u6760\u6765\u5f15\u7528 &amp;\u3002\u5982\u679c old \u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u6700\u540e\u66ff\u6362\u7684 old\uff0c\r\n\u6216\u8005\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u524d\u9762\u6ca1\u6709\u53d1\u751f\u8fc7\u5386\u53f2\u66ff\u6362\uff0c\u5c31\u662f !?string[?] \u641c\u7d22\u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a string\u3002\r\n&amp; \u91cd\u590d\u4e0a\u4e00\u6b21\u66ff\u6362\u3002\r\ng \u4f7f\u5f97\u6539\u53d8\u88ab\u6574\u4e2a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u884c\u6240\u63a5\u53d7\u3002\u7528\u4e8e\u4e0e `:s' \u6216 `:&amp;' \u7ed3\u5408 (\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c`:gs\/old\/new\/')\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u4e0e `:s' \u7ed3\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u4ee3\u66ff \/\uff0c\r\n\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u662f\u53ef\u9009\u7684\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5b83\u662f\u4e8b\u4ef6\u884c\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u3002\r\nshell \u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4(SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS)\r\n\u9664\u975e\u53e6\u5916\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ae0\u4ecb\u7ecd\u7684\u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4\u5982\u679c\u63a5\u53d7 - \u5f15\u5bfc\u7684\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5b83\u4e5f\u63a5\u53d7 -- \u4f5c\u4e3a\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u6765\u6307\u793a\u9009\u9879\u7684\u7ed3\u675f\r\n: [arguments]\r\n\u6ca1\u6709\u6548\u679c\uff1b\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u9664\u4e86\u6269\u5c55 arguments \u5e76\u4e14\u4f5c\u4efb\u4f55\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u4e0d\u505a\u4efb\u4f55\u4e8b\u3002 \u9000\u51fa\u65f6\u8fd4\u56de0\u3002\r\n. filename [arguments]\r\nsource filename [arguments]\r\n\u8bfb\u53d6\u5e76\u5728\u5f53\u524d shell \u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u6267\u884c filename \u4e2d\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de filename \u4e2d\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u5982\u679c filename \u4e2d\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u659c\u6760 (slash)\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c06\u5728 PATH \u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u5305\u542b filename \u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u3002\u5728\r\nPATH \u4e2d\u641c\u7d22\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u5fc5\u662f\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u7684\u3002 \u5982\u679c bash \u4e0d\u662f\u8fd0\u884c\u4e8e posix mode\uff0c\u5f53 PATH \u4e2d\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\u4f1a\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u641c\u7d22\u3002\u5982\u679c shopt \u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4\u7684 sourcepath \u9009\u9879\u88ab\u5173\u95ed\uff0c PATH\r\n\u5c06\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u641c\u7d22\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6709\u4efb\u4f55 arguments \uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u6210\u4e3a filename \u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570 (positional parameters)\uff0c\u5426\u5219 \u4f4d\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570\u4e0d\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\u3002 \u8fd4\u56de\u72b6\u6001\u662f\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u9000\u51fa\u65f6\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002\r\n\u6ca1\u6709\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u5219\u8fd4\u56de0\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u627e\u5230\u6216\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bfb\u53d6 filename \u65f6\u8fd4\u56defalse\u3002\r\nalias [-p] [name[=value] ...]\r\nAlias \u4e0d\u5e26\u53c2\u6570\u6216\u8005\u5e26 -p \u53c2\u6570\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u5c06\u5728\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u4ee5\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u683c\u5f0f alias name=value \u7ed9\u51fa\u522b\u540d\u5217\u8868\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u6709\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5c06\u521b\u5efa\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86 value \u7684 name \u7684\u522b\u540d\u3002 value\r\n\u4e2d\u5c3e\u90e8\u7684\u7a7a\u683c\u4f7f\u5f97\u522b\u540d\u88ab\u6269\u5c55\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bcd\u505a\u522b\u540d\u66ff\u6362\u3002 \u5bf9\u4e8e\u53c2\u6570\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a name\uff0c\u5982\u679c value \u6ca1\u6709 \u7ed9\u51fa\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u522b\u540d\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u548c\u503c\u4f1a\u88ab\u6253\u5370\u51fa\u6765\u3002 Alias \u8fd4\u56de true \u9664\u975e name\r\n\u6ca1\u6709\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u522b\u540d\u3002\r\nbg [jobspec]\r\n\u4f7f\u6302\u8d77\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f jobspec \u5728\u540e\u53f0\u7ee7\u7eed\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u5c31\u597d\u50cf\u5b83\u662f\u7528 &amp; \u542f\u52a8\u7684\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u6307\u5b9a jobspec\uff0cshell \u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684 current job \u5f53\u524d\u4f5c\u4e1a \u5c06\u88ab\u4f7f\u7528\u3002 bg jobspec\r\n\u8fd4\u56de0\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u5f53\u524d\u7981\u6b62\u4e86\u4f5c\u4e1a\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5728\u5141\u8bb8\u4f5c\u4e1a\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u4f46 \u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u627e\u5230 jobspec \uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5b83\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u4f5c\u4e1a\u63a7\u5236\u4e0b\u542f\u52a8\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u3002\r\nbind [-m keymap] [-lpsvPSV]\r\nbind [-m keymap] [-q function] [-u function] [-r keyseq]\r\nbind [-m keymap] -f filename\r\nbind [-m keymap] -x keyseq:shell-command\r\nbind [-m keymap] keyseq:function-name\r\nbind readline-command\r\n\u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d readline \u952e\u548c\u529f\u80fd\u7684\uff0c\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u6309\u952e\u5e8f\u5217\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a readline \u529f\u80fd\u6216\u5b8f\u8fdb\u884c\u5173\u8054\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e00\u4e2a readline \u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728\u975e\u9009\u9879\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u597d\u50cf\u5b83\u662f\u5728 .inputrc\r\n\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5173\u8054\u6216\u8005\u547d\u4ee4\u5fc5\u987b\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u4f20\u9012\uff1b \u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u6837 '\"\\C-x\\C-r\": re-read-init-file'\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u6709\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u6709\u5982\u4e0b\u7684\u610f\u4e49\uff1a\r\n-m keymap\r\n\u4f7f\u7528 keymap \u4f5c\u4e3a\u968f\u540e\u7684\u5173\u8054\u7684keymap\u3002\u53ef\u9009\u7684 keymap \u540d\u79f0\u662f emacs, emacs-standard, emacs-meta, emacs-ctlx, vi, vi-move, vi-command\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709 vi-insert\u3002 vi \u548c vi-command\r\n\u7b49\u4ef7; emacs \u548c emacs-standard \u7b49\u4ef7\u3002\r\n-l \u5217\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u7684 readline \u529f\u80fd\u3002\r\n-p \u4ee5\u7a0b\u5e8f\u53ef\u8bfb\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u663e\u793a readline \u529f\u80fd\u540d\u79f0\u548c\u5173\u8054\r\n-P \u5217\u51fa\u5f53\u524d readline \u529f\u80fd\u540d\u79f0\u548c\u5173\u8054\u3002\r\n-v \u4ee5\u7a0b\u5e8f\u53ef\u8bfb\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u663e\u793a readline \u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u79f0\u548c\u503c\r\n-V \u5217\u51fa\u5f53\u524d readline \u53d8\u91cf\u548c\u503c\u3002\r\n-s \u4ee5\u7a0b\u5e8f\u53ef\u8bfb\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u663e\u793a readline \u952e\u5e8f\u5217\u548c\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5b8f\r\n-S \u663e\u793a readline \u5b8f\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u952e\u5e8f\u5217\u548c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\r\n-f filename\r\n\u4ece filename \u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6\u952e\u5e8f\u5217\r\n-q function\r\n\u67e5\u8be2\u90a3\u4e9b\u952e\u5c06\u6267\u884cfunction\u3002\r\n-u function\r\n\u53d6\u6d88\u6240\u6709\u5173\u8054\u5230 function \u7684\u952e\u3002\r\n-r keyseq\r\n\u53d6\u6d88\u5f53\u524d\u4efb\u4f55 keyseq \u7684\u5173\u8054\u3002\r\n-x keyseq:shell-command\r\n\u4f7f shell-command \u5728 keyseq \u6309\u4e0b\u65f6\u88ab\u6267\u884c\u3002\r\n\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u662f0\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bc6\u522b\u7684\u9009\u9879\u6216\u662f\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u9519\u8bef\u3002\r\nbreak [n]\r\n\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a for, while, until, \u6216\u8005 select \u5faa\u73af\u9000\u51fa\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 n \uff0c\u5c31\u8df3\u51fa n \u5c42\u5faa\u73af\u3002 n \u5fc5\u987b \u2265 1\u3002\u5982\u679c n \u6bd4\u5f53\u524d\u5faa\u73af\u5c42\u6570\u8fd8\u8981\u5927\uff0c\u5c06\u8df3\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u5faa\u73af\u3002 \u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u662f0\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u6267\u884c break\r\n\u7684\u65f6\u5019 shell \u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5faa\u73af\u3002\r\nbuiltin shell-builtin [arguments]\r\n\u6267\u884c\u6307\u5b9a\u7684 shell \u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f20\u9012 arguments \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u3002 \u8fd9\u5728\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u548c shell \u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4\u540c\u540d\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u65f6\u5f88\u6709\u7528\uff0c \u5728\u90a3\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\u6765\u6267\u884c\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002cd\r\n\u547d\u4ee4\u5e38\u4ee5\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u91cd\u65b0\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002 \u8fd4\u56de\u72b6\u6001\u662f false\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u7684 shell-builtin \u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a shell \u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\r\ncd [-L|-P] [dir]\r\n\u6539\u53d8\u5f53\u524d\u8def\u5f84\u5230 dir\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u662f HOME \u76ee\u5f55\u3002\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf CDPATH \u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u5305\u542b dir \u7684\u641c\u7d22\u8def\u5f84\u3002\u5728 CDPATH \u4e2d\u53ef\u9009\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u540d\u4ee5\u5192\u53f7(:) \u5206\u9694\u3002 CDPATH\r\n\u4e2d\u7684\u7a7a\u8def\u5f84\u540d\u4e0e\u5f53\u524d\u8def\u5f84\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u5c31\u662f ``.''. \u5982\u679c \u76ee\u5f55\u540d \u4ee5\u659c\u6760 (\/,slash) \u8d77\u59cb\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48 CDPATH \u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u4f7f\u7528\u3002 -P \u9009\u9879\u662f\u8bf4\u4f7f\u7528\u7269\u7406\u8def\u5f84\u7ed3\u6784\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u8ddf\u968f\u7b26\u53f7\u94fe\u63a5\uff0c(\u53c2\u89c1 set \u547d\u4ee4\u4e2d\u7684 -P\r\n\u9009\u9879); -L \u9009\u9879\u5f3a\u5236\u8ddf\u968f\u7b26\u53f7\u94fe\u63a5\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u9009\u9879 - \u4e0e $OLDPWD \u662f\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u3002 \u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u662f true \uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6210\u529f\u5730\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u76ee\u5f55\uff1b\u5426\u5219\u662f false\u3002\r\ncommand [-pVv] command [arg ...]\r\n\u8fd0\u884c command \uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 args \u4f5c\u4e3a\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u7981\u6b62\u901a\u5e38\u7684\u67e5\u627e shell \u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4\u6216\u8005 PATH \u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u6267\u884c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7ed9\u51fa -p \u53c2\u6570\uff0c command \u7684\u67e5\u627e\u662f\u4ee5 PATH\r\n\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u627e\u5230\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7ed9\u51fa -V \u6216\u8005 -v \u9009\u9879\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e command \u7684\u8bf4\u660e\u5c06\u88ab\u6253\u5370\u51fa\u6765\u3002 -v \u9009\u9879\u4f7f\u5f97\u8868\u8ff0\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8bcd\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8981\u6267\u884c command\r\n\u9700\u8981\u6267\u884c\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u6765\uff1b -V \u9009\u9879\u7ed9\u51fa\u66f4\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7ed9\u51fa -V \u6216\u8005 -v \u9009\u9879\uff0c\u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001\u5728\u627e\u5230\u4e86 command \u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b0\uff0c\u6ca1\u627e\u5230\u5c31\u662f1\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u63d0\u4f9b\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u9519\u8bef\u6216\u8005 command\r\n\u6ca1\u6709\u627e\u5230\uff0c\u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001\u5c31\u662f127\u3002\u5426\u5219\uff0c command \u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001\u662f command \u7684\u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001\u3002\r\ncompgen [option] [word]\r\n\u6839\u636e option \u4e3a word \u4ea7\u751f\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u8865\u5168\u3002option \u662f \u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4 complete \u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u9664\u4e86 -p \u548c -r\uff0c\u5c06\u5339\u914d\u7ed3\u679c\u5199\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u3002 \u5f53\u4f7f\u7528 -F \u6216 -C \u9009\u9879\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u7f16\u7a0b\u8865\u5168\u529f\u80fd\u6240\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u591a\u6570\r\nshell \u53d8\u91cf\u5982\u679c\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5176\u503c\u5c06\u4e0d\u518d\u6709\u7528\u3002\r\n\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u5339\u914d\u4e0e\u53ef\u7f16\u7a0b\u8865\u5168\u4ee3\u7801\u6839\u636e\u8865\u5168\u89c4\u5219\u52a0\u4e0a\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u6807\u5fd7\u76f4\u63a5\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u76f8\u540c\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 word\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5339\u914d word \u7684\u8865\u5168\u7ed3\u679c\u5c06\u88ab\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u6765\u3002\r\n\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u4e3a\u771f\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u975e\u6cd5\u7684\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u6ca1\u6709\u4ea7\u751f\u5339\u914d\u3002\r\ncomplete [-abcdefgjksuv] [-o comp-option] [-A action] [-G globpat] [-W wordlist] [-P prefix] [-S suffix]\r\n[-X filterpat] [-F function] [-C command] name [name ...]\r\ncomplete -pr [name ...]\r\n\u6307\u5b9a\u6bcf\u4e2a name \u7684\u53c2\u6570\u5e94\u5f53\u5982\u4f55\u88ab\u8865\u5168\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86 -p \u9009\u9879\uff0c \u6216\u8005\u6ca1\u6709\u9009\u9879\u7ed9\u51fa\uff0c\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u8865\u5168\u89c4\u5219\u5c06\u88ab\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e00\u79cd\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u7528\u4e3a\u8f93\u5165 \u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002-r \u9009\u9879\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u9488\u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e2a name\r\n\u7684\u8865\u5168\u89c4\u5219\u5220\u9664\u3002 \u6216\u8005\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed9\u51fa name\uff0c\u5c06\u5220\u9664\u6240\u6709\u8865\u5168\u89c4\u5219\u3002\r\n\u5c1d\u8bd5\u8bcd\u7684\u8865\u5168\u65f6\uff0c\u5e94\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8865\u5168\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5728\u4e0a\u9762 Programmable Completion(\u53ef\u7f16\u7a0b\u8865\u5168) \u4e2d\u8be6\u8ff0\u3002\r\n\u5176\u4ed6\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u7ed9\u51fa\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u4e0b\u5217\u610f\u4e49\u3002-G, -W, \u548c -X \u9009\u9879\u7684\u53c2\u6570 (\u5982\u679c\u9700\u8981\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u8fd8\u5305\u62ec -P \u548c -S \u9009\u9879) \u5e94\u5f53\u88ab\u5f15\u7528\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u5728\u6267\u884c\u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4 complete \u4e4b\u524d\u88ab\u6269\u5c55\u3002\r\n-o comp-option\r\ncomp-option \u63a7\u5236\u7740 compspec \u9664\u4e86\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u4ea7\u751f\u8865\u5168\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u591a\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\u3002 comp-option \u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u5982\u4e0b\u4e4b\u4e00\uff1a\r\ndefault \u4f7f\u7528 readline \u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u8865\u5168\uff0c\u5982\u679c compspec \u6ca1\u6709\u5f97\u5230\u5339\u914d\u3002\r\ndirnames\r\n\u8fdb\u884c\u76ee\u5f55\u540d\u8865\u5168\uff0c\u5982\u679c compspec \u6ca1\u6709\u5f97\u5230\u5339\u914d\u3002\r\nfilenames\r\n\u544a\u8bc9 readline\uff0ccompspec \u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\uff0c\u4f7f\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u4efb\u4f55\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u4e13\u7528\u7684\u5904\u7406 (\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7ed9\u76ee\u5f55\u540d\u52a0\u4e0a\u659c\u6760\u6216\u6d88\u9664\u5c3e\u90e8\u7a7a\u767d)\u3002\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e shell \u51fd\u6570\u3002\r\nnospace \u544a\u8bc9 readline \u4e0d\u8981\u5411\u8865\u5168\u7684\u8bcd\u5728\u884c\u7684\u6700\u540e\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u683c (\u8fd9\u662f\u9ed8\u8ba4\u884c\u4e3a)\u3002\r\n-A action\r\naction \u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4e0b\u5217\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u6765\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u8865\u5168\u7ed3\u679c\uff1a\r\nalias \u8d77\u522b\u540d\u3002\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528 -a \u6307\u5b9a\u3002\r\narrayvar\r\n\u6570\u7ec4\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u3002\r\nbinding Readline \u6309\u952e\u5173\u8054\u3002\r\nbuiltin shell \u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u3002\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528 -b \u6307\u5b9a\u3002\r\ncommand \u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u3002\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528 -c \u6307\u5b9a\u3002\r\ndirectory\r\n\u76ee\u5f55\u540d\u3002\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528 -d \u6307\u5b9a\u3002\r\ndisabled\r\n\u88ab\u7981\u7528\u7684\u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u79f0\u3002\r\nenabled \u542f\u7528\u7684\u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u79f0\u3002\r\nexport \u88ab\u5bfc\u51fa\u7684 shell \u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u79f0\u3002\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528 -e \u6307\u5b9a\u3002\r\nfile \u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u3002\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528 -f \u6307\u5b9a\u3002\r\nfunction\r\nshell \u51fd\u6570\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u3002\r\ngroup \u7ec4\u540d\u3002\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528 -g \u6307\u5b9a\u3002\r\nhelptopic\r\n\u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4 help \u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e3b\u9898\u3002\r\nhostname\r\n\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\uff0c\u4ece\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf HOSTFILE \u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u3002\r\njob \u4f5c\u4e1a\u540d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f5c\u4e1a\u63a7\u5236\u88ab\u6fc0\u6d3b\u7684\u8bdd\u3002\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528 -j \u6307\u5b9a\u3002\r\nkeyword shell \u4fdd\u7559\u5b57\u3002\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528 -k \u6307\u5b9a\u3002\r\nrunning \u6b63\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u4f5c\u4e1a\u540d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f5c\u4e1a\u63a7\u5236\u88ab\u6fc0\u6d3b\u7684\u8bdd\u3002\r\nservice \u670d\u52a1\u540d\u3002\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528 -s \u6307\u5b9a\u3002\r\nsetopt \u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4 set \u7684 -o \u9009\u9879\u7684\u6709\u6548\u53c2\u6570\u3002\r\nshopt \u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4 shopt \u63a5\u53d7\u7684 shell \u9009\u9879\u540d\u3002\r\nsignal \u4fe1\u53f7\u540d\u3002\r\nstopped \u505c\u6b62\u7684\u4f5c\u4e1a\u540d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f5c\u4e1a\u63a7\u5236\u88ab\u6fc0\u6d3b\u7684\u8bdd\u3002\r\nuser \u7528\u6237\u540d\u3002\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528 -u \u6307\u5b9a\u3002\r\nvariable\r\nshell \u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u3002\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528 -v \u6307\u5b9a\u3002\r\n-G globpat\r\n\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f globpat \u88ab\u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u8865\u5168\u3002\r\n-W wordlist\r\nwordlist \u88ab\u4f7f\u7528 IFS \u7279\u6b8a\u53d8\u91cf\u4e2d\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5b9a\u754c\u7b26\u6765\u62c6\u5206\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u8bcd\u88ab\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u8865\u5168\u662f\u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868 \u4e2d\u5339\u914d\u8981\u8865\u5168\u7684\u8bcd\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u4e9b\u3002\r\n-C command\r\ncommand \u5c06\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50 shell \u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u7528\u4f5c\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u8865\u5168\u3002\r\n-F function\r\nshell \u51fd\u6570 function \u5c06\u5728\u5f53\u524d shell \u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u6267\u884c\u3002\u5f53\u5b83\u7ed3\u675f\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd \u7684\u8865\u5168\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20 COMPREPLY \u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u3002\r\n-X filterpat\r\nfilterpat \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u6240\u6709\u524d\u9762\u7684\u9009\u9879\u548c\u53c2\u6570\u4ea7\u751f \u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u8865\u5168\u90fd\u8981\u7ecf\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e00\u6b65\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5339\u914d filterpat \u7684\u8865\u5168\u90fd \u88ab\u4ece\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u3002\u4e3a filterpat \u52a0\u4e0a\u524d\u5bfc\r\n! \u4f7f\u6a21\u5f0f\u610f\u4e49\u76f8\u53cd\uff1b \u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u4e0d\u5339\u914d filterpat \u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u3002\r\n-P prefix\r\n\u5728\u6240\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u9009\u9879\u90fd\u5904\u7406\u8fc7\u4e4b\u540e\uff0cprefix \u88ab\u52a0\u5230\u6bcf\u4e2a\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u8865\u5168\u524d\u9762\u3002\r\n-S suffix\r\n\u5728\u6240\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u9009\u9879\u90fd\u5904\u7406\u8fc7\u4e4b\u540e\uff0csuffix \u88ab\u52a0\u5230\u6bcf\u4e2a\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u8865\u5168\u540e\u9762\u3002\r\n\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u4e3a\u771f\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u975e\u6cd5\u7684\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u7ed9\u51fa\u9664 -p \u548c -r \u4e4b\u5916 \u7684\u67d0\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u65f6\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed9\u51fa name \u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u5220\u9664\u4e00\u6761 name \u7684\u8865\u5168 \u89c4\u5219\u4f46\u662f\u89c4\u5219\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u6dfb\u52a0\u8865\u5168\u89c4\u5219\u65f6\u51fa\u9519\u3002\r\ncontinue [n]\r\n\u590d\u4f4d\u5230\u5916\u5c42 for, while, until, \u6216 select \u5faa\u73af\u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b21\u5f00\u59cb\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 n\uff0c \u590d\u4f4d\u5230\u5411\u5916\u7b2c n \u5c42\u5faa\u73af\u7684\u5f00\u59cb\u3002 n \u5fc5\u987b \u2265 1\u3002\u5982\u679c n \u6bd4\u5916\u90e8\u5faa\u73af\u7684\u5c42\u6570\u8981\u591a\uff0c\u5c06\u590d\u4f4d\u5230\u6700\u5916\u5c42\u7684\u5faa\u73af\r\n(``top-level'' loop\uff0c\u9876\u5c42\u5faa\u73af)\u3002 \u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u662f 0\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u6267\u884c continue \u65f6\uff0cshell \u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u5faa\u73af\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002\r\ndeclare [-afFirtx] [-p] [name[=value]]\r\ntypeset [-afFirtx] [-p] [name[=value]]\r\n\u58f0\u660e\u53d8\u91cf\u4e14\/\u6216\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed9\u51fa name \u5219\u663e\u793a\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u3002 \u9009\u9879 -p \u5c06\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u540d\u79f0 name \u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u503c\u3002\u5f53\u4f7f\u7528 -p \u65f6\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u9009\u9879\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\u3002\u9009\u9879 -F\r\n\u7981\u6b62\u663e\u793a\u51fd\u6570\u5b9a\u4e49\uff1b\u53ea\u6709\u51fd\u6570\u540d\u548c\u5c5e\u6027\u4f1a\u88ab\u663e\u793a\u3002 -F \u9009\u9879\u6697\u542b -f. \u4e0b\u5217\u9009\u9879\u53ef\u7528\u6765\u9650\u5236\u53ea\u8f93\u51fa\u5177\u6709\u6307\u5b9a\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4e3a\u53d8\u91cf\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5c5e\u6027\uff1a\r\n-a \u6bcf\u4e2a name \u90fd\u662f\u6570\u7ec4\u53d8\u91cf (\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0a\u9762\u7684 Arrays \u6bb5\u843d)\u3002\r\n-f \u53ea\u4f7f\u7528\u51fd\u6570\u540d\u3002\r\n-i \u53d8\u91cf\u88ab\u5f53\u4f5c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6574\u6570\uff1b\u5f53\u53d8\u91cf\u88ab\u8d4b\u503c\u65f6\u5c06\u8fdb\u884c\u7b97\u672f\u8fd0\u7b97 (\u53c2\u89c1 \u7b97\u672f\u6c42\u503c (ARITHMETIC EVALUATION) \u7ae0\u8282)\u3002\r\n-r \u4f7f\u5f97 name \u53ea\u8bfb\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u540d\u79f0\u4e0d\u80fd\u518d\u88ab\u540e\u7eed\u7684\u8d4b\u503c\u8bed\u53e5\u8d4b\u503c\u6216\u53d6\u6d88\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002\r\n-t \u8bbe\u7f6e\u6bcf\u4e2a name \u7684 trace(\u8ddf\u8e2a) \u5c5e\u6027\u3002\u88ab\u8ddf\u8e2a\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u7ee7\u627f\u4e86 \u8c03\u7528\u8005 shell \u7684 DEBUG \u9677\u9631\u3002trace \u5c5e\u6027\u5bf9\u53d8\u91cf\u6ca1\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u610f\u4e49\u3002\r\n-x \u6807\u8bb0 name \u4e3a\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u73af\u5883\u5bfc\u51fa\u7ed9\u540e\u7eed\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\r\n\u4f7f\u7528 `+' \u4ee3\u66ff `-' \u5c06\u5173\u95ed\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u7279\u6b8a\u60c5\u51b5\u662f +a \u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\u4e8e\u9500\u6bc1\u4e00\u4e2a \u6570\u7ec4\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u5f53\u7528\u4e8e\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u4f7f\u5f97\u6bcf\u4e2a name \u6210\u4e3a\u5c40\u90e8\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf \u4f7f\u7528\u4e86 local \u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u662f\r\n0\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u9047\u5230\u4e86\u975e\u6cd5\u7684\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u4f7f\u7528 ``-f foo=bar'' \u5b9a\u4e49\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u5411\u53ea\u8bfb\u53d8\u91cf\u8d4b\u503c\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u5411\u6570\u7ec4\u53d8\u91cf\u8d4b\u503c\u4f46\u6ca1\u6709\u4f7f\u7528\u590d\u5408\u7684\u8d4b\u503c \u8bed\u6cd5 (\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0a\u9762\u7684 Arrays \u6bb5\u843d)\uff0cname \u4e4b\u4e00\u4e0d\u662f\u6709\u6548\u7684\r\nshell \u53d8\u91cf\u540d\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u6570\u7ec4 \u72b6\u6001\u5173\u95ed\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662f\u8bd5\u56fe\u4f7f\u7528 -f \u663e\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u3002\r\ndirs [-clpv] [+n] [-n]\r\n\u6ca1\u6709\u9009\u9879\u65f6\u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u4fdd\u5b58\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8f93\u51fa\u4e3a\u4e00\u884c\uff0c\u76ee\u5f55\u540d\u7528\u7a7a\u683c\u5206\u5f00\u3002 \u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 pushd \u547d\u4ee4\u5c06\u76ee\u5f55\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u5217\u8868\uff0c popd \u547d\u4ee4\u5c06\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u6761\u76ee\u5220\u9664\u3002\r\n+n \u663e\u793a dirs \u5728\u4e0d\u5e26\u9009\u9879\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u663e\u793a\u7684\u5217\u8868\u7684\u7b2c n \u4e2a\u6761\u76ee\uff0c\u4ece 0 \u5f00\u59cb\u81ea\u5de6\u7b97\u8d77\u3002\r\n-n \u663e\u793a dirs \u5728\u4e0d\u5e26\u9009\u9879\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u663e\u793a\u7684\u5217\u8868\u7684\u7b2c n \u4e2a\u6761\u76ee\uff0c\u4ece 0 \u5f00\u59cb\u81ea\u53f3\u7b97\u8d77\u3002\r\n-c \u5220\u9664\u6240\u6709\u6761\u76ee\uff0c\u6e05\u7a7a\u76ee\u5f55\u6808\u3002\r\n-l \u4ea7\u751f\u957f\u5217\u8868\uff1b\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5217\u8868\u683c\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528\u6ce2\u6d6a\u7ebf\u6765\u8868\u793a\u4e2a\u4eba\u76ee\u5f55\u3002\r\n-p \u8f93\u51fa\u76ee\u5f55\u6808\uff0c\u4e00\u884c\u4e00\u4e2a\u3002\r\n-v \u8f93\u51fa\u76ee\u5f55\u6808\uff0c\u4e00\u884c\u4e00\u4e2a\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6761\u76ee\u524d\u9762\u52a0\u4e0a\u5b83\u5728\u6808\u4e2d\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7d22\u5f15\u3002\r\n\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u662f 0\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u975e\u6cd5\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u6216\u8005 n \u7d22\u5f15\u8d85\u51fa\u4e86\u76ee\u5f55\u6808\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u3002\r\ndisown [-ar] [-h] [jobspec ...]\r\n\u6ca1\u6709\u9009\u9879\u65f6\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a jobspec \u88ab\u4ece\u6b63\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u4f5c\u4e1a\u8868\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86 - \u9009\u9879\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a jobspec \u5e76\u4e0d\u4ece\u8868\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u88ab\u6807\u8bb0\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5728 shell \u63a5\u5230 SIGHUP \u4fe1\u53f7\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5411\u4f5c\u4e1a\u53d1\u51fa SIGHUP\r\n\u4fe1\u53f7\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed9\u51fa jobspec\uff0c \u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed9\u51fa -a \u6216\u8005 -r \u9009\u9879\uff0c\u5c06\u4f7f\u7528\u5f53\u524d\u4f5c\u4e1a (current job)\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed9\u51fa jobspec\uff0c \u9009\u9879 -a \u610f\u5473\u7740\u5220\u9664\u6216\u6807\u8bb0\u6240\u6709\u4f5c\u4e1a\uff1b\u9009\u9879 -r \u4e0d\u5e26 jobspec\r\n\u53c2\u6570\u65f6\u9650\u5236\u64cd\u4f5c\u53ea\u5bf9\u6b63\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u4f5c\u4e1a\u8fdb\u884c\u3002\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u662f 0\uff0c\u9664\u975e jobspec \u4e0d\u6307\u5b9a\u6709\u6548\u7684\u4f5c\u4e1a\u3002\r\necho [-neE] [arg ...]\r\n\u8f93\u51fa arg\uff0c\u4ee5\u7a7a\u683c\u5206\u5f00\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u884c\u7b26\u3002\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u603b\u662f 0\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 -n\uff0c\u5c06\u4e0d\u5728\u5c3e\u90e8\u6dfb\u52a0\u65b0\u884c\u7b26\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86 -e \u9009\u9879\uff0c \u5c06\u5141\u8bb8\u89e3\u91ca\u4e0b\u5217\u53cd\u659c\u6760\u8f6c\u4e49\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u3002 -E\r\n\u9009\u9879\u7981\u6b62\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8f6c\u4e49\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u9ed8\u8ba4\u89e3\u91ca\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002 shell \u9009\u9879 xpg_echo \u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u5224\u65ad echo \u662f\u5426\u9ed8\u8ba4 \u5c55\u5f00\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8f6c\u4e49\u5b57\u7b26\u3002 echo \u4e0d\u5c06 -- \u4f5c\u4e3a\u9009\u9879\u7684\u7ed3\u675f\u3002\r\necho \u89e3\u91ca\u4e0b\u5217\u8f6c\u4e49\u5e8f\u5217\uff1a\r\n\\a alert (bell) \u54cd\u94c3\r\n\\b backspace \u56de\u9000\r\n\\c suppress trailing newline \u5220\u9664\u5c3e\u90e8\u65b0\u884c\u7b26\r\n\\e an escape character \u5b57\u7b26 Esc\r\n\\f form feed \u8fdb\u7eb8\r\n\\n new line \u65b0\u884c\u7b26\r\n\\r carriage return \u56de\u8f66\r\n\\t horizontal tab \u6c34\u5e73\u8df3\u683c\r\n\\v vertical tab \u7ad6\u76f4\u8df3\u683c\r\n\\\\ backslash \u53cd\u659c\u6760\r\n\\0nnn \u4e00\u4e2a\u516b\u6bd4\u7279\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u503c\u662f\u516b\u8fdb\u5236\u503c nnn (\u96f6\u5230\u4e09\u4e2a\u516b\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\u5b57)\u3002\r\n\\nnn \u4e00\u4e2a\u516b\u6bd4\u7279\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u503c\u662f\u516b\u8fdb\u5236\u503c nnn (\u4e00\u5230\u4e09\u4e2a\u516b\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\u5b57)\u3002\r\n\\xHH \u4e00\u4e2a\u516b\u6bd4\u7279\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u503c\u662f\u5341\u516d\u8fdb\u5236\u503c HH (\u4e00\u5230\u4e24\u4e2a\u5341\u516d\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\u5b57)\u3002\r\nenable [-adnps] [-f filename] [name ...]\r\n\u5141\u8bb8\u6216\u7981\u6b62 shell \u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u7981\u6b62\u4e00\u4e2a\u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4\u4f7f\u5f97\u78c1\u76d8\u4e0a\u7684\u4e0e\u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4\u540c\u540d \u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5f97\u4ee5\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u4e0d\u5fc5\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\u7684\u5168\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f shell \u4e00\u822c\u5728\u641c\u7d22\u78c1\u76d8\u4e0a\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u524d \u641c\u7d22\u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\r\n-n \u9009\u9879\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a name \u90fd\u88ab\u7981\u6b62\uff1b\u5426\u5219\uff0c name \u88ab\u5141\u8bb8\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8981\u4f7f\u7528 PATH \u4e2d\u641c\u7d22\u5230\u7684 test \u547d\u4ee4\u800c\u4e0d\u662f shell \u5185\u5efa\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u4e2a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd0\u884c ``enable -n test''. \u9009\u9879 -f \u610f\u5473\u7740\u4ece\u5171\u4eab\u5e93\r\nfilename \u4e2d\u52a0\u8f7d\u65b0\u7684\u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4 name\uff0c \u5982\u679c\u7cfb\u7edf\u652f\u6301\u52a8\u6001\u52a0\u8f7d\u7684\u8bdd\u3002\u9009\u9879 -d \u5c06\u5220\u9664\u66fe\u7ecf\u7528 -f \u52a0\u8f7d\u7684\u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed9\u51fa name \u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86 -p \u9009\u9879\uff0c\u5c06\u663e\u793a shell\r\n\u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u5217\u8868\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u9009\u9879\u53c2\u6570\uff0c \u8fd9\u4e2a\u5217\u8868\u53ea\u5305\u542b\u6240\u6709\u88ab\u5141\u8bb8\u7684 shell \u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86 -n\uff0c\u5c06\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u88ab\u7981\u6b62\u7684\u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\r\n-a\uff0c\u663e\u793a\u7684\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u6240\u6709\u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u547d\u4ee4\u662f\u5426\u88ab\u5141\u8bb8\u7684\u6307\u793a\uff1b \u5982\u679c\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86 -s\uff0c\u8f93\u51fa\u88ab\u9650\u5236\u4e3a POSIX special \u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4\u3002 \u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u662f 0\uff0c\u9664\u975e name \u4e0d\u662f shell\r\n\u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4ece\u5171\u4eab\u5e93\u4e2d\u52a0\u8f7d\u65b0\u7684\u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4\u65f6\u51fa\u9519\u3002\r\neval [arg ...]\r\narg \u88ab\u8bfb\u53d6\u5e76\u8fde\u7ed3\u4e3a\u5355\u4e00\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7136\u540e\u88ab shell \u8bfb\u53d6\u5e76\u6267\u884c\uff0c \u5b83\u7684\u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001\u88ab\u4f5c\u4e3a eval \u7684\u503c\u8fd4\u56de\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709 args\uff0c \u6216\u4ec5\u4ec5\u5305\u542b\u7a7a\u53c2\u6570\uff0c eval \u8fd4\u56de 0\u3002\r\nexec [-cl] [-a name] [command [arguments]]\r\n\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 command\uff0c \u5b83\u5c06\u66ff\u6362 shell\u3002\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u65b0\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002 arguments \u6210\u4e3a command \u7684\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86 -l \u9009\u9879\uff0cshell \u5c06\u5728\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9 command \u7684\u7b2c 0 \u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u524d\u9762\u52a0\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fde\u5b57\u7b26\r\n(dash,`-')\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u548c login(1) \u76f8\u540c\u3002\u9009\u9879 -c \u4f7f\u5f97\u547d\u4ee4 command \u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u6267\u884c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86 -a\uff0c shell \u4f1a\u5c06 name \u4f5c\u4e3a\u7b2c 0 \u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9\u8981\u6267\u884c\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7531\u4e8e\u67d0\u79cd\u539f\u56e0 as\r\nthe zeroth argument to the executed command. If command \u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u975e\u4ea4\u4e92\u7684 shell \u5c06\u9000\u51fa\uff0c\u9664\u975e shell \u9009\u9879 execfail\r\n\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u5141\u8bb8\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5b83\u8fd4\u56de\u5931\u8d25\u3002\u5982\u679c\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u80fd\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u4ea4\u4e92\u7684 shell \u8fd4\u56de\u5931\u8d25\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u6307\u5b9a command \u4efb\u4f55\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5bf9\u5f53\u524d shell \u53d1\u751f\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u662f\r\n0\u3002\u5982\u679c\u53d1\u751f\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u72b6\u6001\u662f 1\u3002\r\nexit [n]\r\n\u4f7f\u5f97 shell \u4ee5\u72b6\u6001\u503c n \u9000\u51fa\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86 n\uff0c \u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001\u662f\u6700\u540e\u6267\u884c\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u5728 shell \u7ec8\u6b62\u524d\uff0c\u5bf9 EXIT \u7684\u9677\u9631\u5c06\u88ab\u6267\u884c\u3002\r\nexport [-fn] [name[=word]] ...\r\nexport -p\r\n\u7ed9\u51fa\u7684\u540d\u79f0 names \u88ab\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3a\u81ea\u52a8\u5730\u5bfc\u51fa\u5230\u540e\u7eed\u6267\u884c\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86 -f \u9009\u9879\uff0c\u540d\u79f0 names \u6307\u7684\u662f\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed9\u51fa names\uff0c \u6216\u8005\u5982\u679c\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86 -p \u9009\u9879\uff0c\u5c06\u6253\u5370\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a shell\r\n\u4e2d\u88ab\u5bfc\u51fa\u7684\u6240\u6709\u540d\u5b57\u7684\u5217\u8868\u3002\u9009\u9879 -n \u4f7f\u5f97\u4ee5\u6b64\u4e3a\u540d\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5bfc\u51fa\u5c5e\u6027\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u3002 export \u8fd4\u56de 0\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u9047\u5230\u4e86\u975e\u6cd5\u7684\u9009\u9879\uff0cname \u4e4b\u4e00\u4e0d\u662f\u6709\u6548\u7684 shell \u53d8\u91cf\u540d\uff0c \u6216\u8005\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86 -f \u9009\u9879\uff0c\u800c name\r\n\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u3002\r\nfc [-e ename] [-nlr] [first] [last]\r\nfc -s [pat=rep] [cmd]\r\n\u547d\u4ee4\u4fee\u590d\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u4ece first \u5230 last \u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u90fd\u88ab\u9009\u53d6\u3002 First \u548c last \u53ef\u4ee5\u6307\u5b9a\u4e3a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32 (\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9a\u4f4d\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee5\u6b64\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u547d\u4ee4) \u6216\u8005\u6570\u5b57 (\u5386\u53f2\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\r\n\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u8d1f\u6570\u88ab\u5f53\u4f5c\u76f8\u5bf9\u5f53\u524d\u547d\u4ee4\u53f7\u7684\u504f\u79fb)\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u6307\u5b9a last\uff0c \u5b83\u5728\u5217\u4e3e\u65f6\u88ab\u8bbe\u4e3a\u5f53\u524d\u547d\u4ee4 (\u56e0\u6b64 ``fc -l -10'' \u5c06\u8f93\u51fa\u6700\u540e 10 \u6761\u547d\u4ee4)\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u88ab\u8bbe\u4e3a first\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u6307\u5b9a\r\nfirst\uff0c \u5b83\u5728\u7f16\u8f91\u65f6\u88ab\u8bbe\u4e3a\u524d\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5217\u4e3e\u662f\u8bbe\u4e3a -16\u3002\r\n\u9009\u9879 -n \u4f7f\u5f97\u5217\u4e3e\u65f6\u4e0d\u663e\u793a\u547d\u4ee4\u53f7\u7801\u3002\u9009\u9879 -r \u5c06\u547d\u4ee4\u987a\u5e8f\u8fdb\u884c\u6389\u6362\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86 -l \u9009\u9879\uff0c\u547d\u4ee4\u5c06\u5217\u4e3e\u5728\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u4e0a\u3002\u5426\u5219\uff0c\u5c06\u542f\u52a8 ename\r\n\u7ed9\u51fa\u7684\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\uff0c\u7f16\u8f91\u5305\u542b\u8fd9\u4e9b\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed9\u51fa ename\uff0c \u5c06\u4f7f\u7528\u53d8\u91cf FCEDIT \u7684\u503c\uff0c\u5982\u679c FCEDIT \u6ca1\u6709\u5b9a\u4e49\u5c31\u4f7f\u7528 EDITOR \u7684\u503c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4ecd\u7136\u6ca1\u6709\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u5c06\u4f7f\u7528 vi\u3002\r\n\u7f16\u8f91\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\uff0c\u88ab\u7f16\u8f91\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u5c06\u56de\u663e\u5e76\u6267\u884c\u3002\r\n\u7b2c\u4e8c\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0ccommand \u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a pat \u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\u88ab rep \u66ff\u6362\u540e \u90fd\u88ab\u91cd\u65b0\u6267\u884c\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u7279\u6027\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u8d77\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u7528\u7684\u522b\u540d\uff1a ``r=fc -s'', \u8fd9\u6837\u8f93\u5165 ``r cc'' \u5c06\u8fd0\u884c\u6700\u540e\u7684\u4ee5 ``cc''\r\n\u5f00\u5934\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u8f93\u5165 ``r'' \u5c06\u91cd\u65b0\u6267\u884c\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\r\n\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\u7b2c\u4e00\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u662f 0\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u9047\u5230\u4e86\u975e\u6cd5\u7684\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u6216 first \u6216 last \u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u884c\u6570\u8d85\u51fa\u4e86\u8303\u56f4\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86 -e\r\n\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u662f\u6700\u540e\u6267\u884c\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\uff0c\u6216\u7740\u662f\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e34\u65f6\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u547d\u4ee4 \u6267\u884c\u51fa\u9519\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\u7b2c\u4e8c\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u72b6\u6001\u662f\u91cd\u65b0\u6267\u884c\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u9664\u975e cmd\r\n\u6ca1\u6709\u6307\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u6548\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u884c\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b fc \u8fd4\u56de\u5931\u8d25\u3002\r\nfg [jobspec]\r\n\u5c06 jobspec \u6062\u590d\u81f3\u524d\u53f0\uff0c\u4f7f\u5b83\u6210\u4e3a\u5f53\u524d\u4f5c\u4e1a\u3002\u5982\u679c jobspec \u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5c06\u4f7f\u7528 shell \u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u5f53\u524d\u4f5c\u4e1a current job\u3002\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u662f\r\n\u88ab\u653e\u5230\u524d\u53f0\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662f\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5728\u7981\u7528\u4f5c\u4e1a\u63a7\u5236\u65f6\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u6216\u8005 \u5728\u542f\u7528\u4f5c\u4e1a\u63a7\u5236\u65f6\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u4f46 jobspec \u6ca1\u6709\u6307\u5b9a\u6709\u6548\u7684\u4f5c\u4e1a\uff0c\u6216 jobspec \u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u6ca1\u6709\u4f7f\u7528\u4f5c\u4e1a\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u4f5c\u4e1a\u3002\r\ngetopts optstring name [args]\r\ngetopts \u7531 shell \u7a0b\u5e8f\u7528\u6765\u5904\u7406\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570\u3002 optstring \u5305\u542b\u8981\u8bc6\u522b\u7684\u9009\u9879\u5b57\u7b26\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u67d0\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u8ddf\u968f\u7740\u5192\u53f7\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\r\n\u9700\u8981\u7528\u7a7a\u767d\u548c\u5b83\u9694\u79bb\u5f00\u3002\u5192\u53f7\u548c\u95ee\u53f7\u5b57\u7b26\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\u4f5c\u9009\u9879\u5b57\u7b26\u3002\u6bcf\u6b21\u5b83\u6267\u884c\u65f6\uff0c getopts \u5c06\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u653e\u5728 shell \u53d8\u91cf name \u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u679c name\r\n\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u5c31\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5b83\uff1b\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8981\u5904\u7406\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u653e\u5728\u53d8\u91cf OPTIND \u4e2d\u3002\u6bcf\u6b21 shell \u6216 shell \u811a\u672c\u88ab\u6267\u884c\u7684\u65f6\u5019 OPTIND \u88ab\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e3a 1\u3002\u5f53\u67d0\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u9700\u8981\u53c2\u6570\u65f6\uff0c getopts \u5c06\u90a3\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u653e\u5230\u53d8\u91cf\r\nOPTARG \u4e2d\u3002shell \u4e0d\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u91cd\u7f6e OPTIND\uff1b \u5728\u76f8\u540c\u7684 shell \u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u65b0\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u96c6\u5408\u800c\u9700\u8981\u591a\u6b21\u8c03\u7528 getopts \u65f6\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u624b\u52a8\u91cd\u7f6e\u5b83\u3002\r\n\u5f53\u9047\u5230\u9009\u9879\u7ed3\u675f\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0cgetopts \u4ee5\u5927\u4e8e 0 \u7684\u503c\u9000\u51fa\u3002 OPTIND \u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u9009\u9879\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\uff0cname \u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a ?\u3002\r\ngetopts \u901a\u5e38\u89e3\u91ca\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5982\u679c args \u4e2d\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u66f4\u591a\u53c2\u6570\uff0c getopts \u5c06\u89e3\u91ca\u5b83\u4eec\u3002\r\ngetopts \u80fd\u4ee5\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u62a5\u544a\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u5982\u679c optstring \u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u662f\u5192\u53f7\uff0c\u5c06\u4f7f\u7528 silent \u5b89\u9759\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u62a5\u544a\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e2d\uff0c\u9047\u5230\u975e\u6cd5\u9009\u9879\u6216\u7f3a\u5c11\u9009\u9879\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u65f6\u5c06\u6253\u5370\u51fa \u8bca\u65ad\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u53d8\u91cf\r\nOPTERR \u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a 0\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u9519\u8bef\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f optstring \u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e0d\u662f\u5192\u53f7\u3002\r\n\u5982\u679c\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u6cd5\u7684\u9009\u9879\uff0c getopts \u5411 name \u4e2d\u7f6e\u5165 ?\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u662f\u5b89\u9759\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u6253\u5370\u9519\u8bef\u6d88\u606f\u5e76\u53d6\u6d88 OPTARG \u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002\u5982\u679c getopts \u662f\u5b89\u9759\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u627e\u5230\u7684\u9009\u9879\u5b57\u7b26\u5c06\u7f6e\u5165 OPTARG\uff0c\r\n\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6253\u5370\u8bca\u65ad\u6d88\u606f\u3002\r\n\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u627e\u5230\u9700\u8981\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14 getopts \u4e0d\u662f\u5b89\u9759\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5c06\u5411 name \u7f6e\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u53f7 (?)\uff0c\u53d6\u6d88 OPTARG \u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u6253\u5370\u51fa\u8bca\u65ad\u6d88\u606f\u3002\u5982\u679c getopts \u662f\u5b89\u9759\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c06\u5411 name \u7f6e\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u5192\u53f7 (:)\r\n\u5e76\u4e14 OPTARG \u5c06\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u627e\u5230\u7684\u9009\u9879\u5b57\u7b26\u3002\r\ngetopts \u8fd4\u56de\u771f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\/\u672a\u88ab\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u9009\u9879\u3002\u5b83\u8fd4\u56de\u5047\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u9047\u5230\u4e86\u9009\u9879\u7ed3\u675f \u6216\u8005\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u9519\u8bef\u3002\r\nhash [-lr] [-p filename] [-dt] [name]\r\n\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2a name, \u901a\u8fc7\u641c\u7d22 $PATH \u4e2d\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u627e\u5230\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u5168\u8def\u5f84\u540d\u5e76\u8bb0\u5f55\u5b83\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86 -p \u9009\u9879\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8fdb\u884c\u8def\u5f84\u641c\u7d22\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5c06 filename \u4f5c\u4e3a\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u5168\u8def\u5f84\u540d\u3002\u9009\u9879 -r \u4f7f\u5f97 shell\r\n\u5fd8\u8bb0\u6240\u6709\u5df2\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u9009\u9879 -d \u4f7f\u5f97 shell \u5fd8\u8bb0\u5df2\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684 name \u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86 -t \u9009\u9879\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a name \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5168\u8def\u5f84\u540d\u88ab\u6253\u5370\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7ed9\u51fa\u591a\u4e2a name \u4f5c\u4e3a -t \u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0cname\r\n\u5c06\u5728\u5df2\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u5168\u8def\u5f84\u540d \u4e4b\u524d\u88ab\u6253\u5370\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u9009\u9879 -l \u4f7f\u5f97\u8f93\u51fa\u4ee5\u4e00\u79cd\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u7528\u4e3a\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed9\u51fa\u53c2\u6570\uff0c \u6216\u8005\u53ea\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86 -l \u9009\u9879\uff0c\u5df2\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u5c06\u88ab\u6253\u5370\u51fa\u6765\u3002\r\n\u8fd4\u56de\u771f\uff0c\u9664\u975e name \u6ca1\u6709\u627e\u5230\u6216\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u975e\u6cd5\u7684\u9009\u9879\u3002\r\nhelp [-s] [pattern]\r\n\u663e\u793a\u5173\u4e8e\u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u6709\u7528\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 pattern (\u6a21\u5f0f)\uff0c help \u7ed9\u51fa\u5173\u4e8e\u6240\u6709\u5339\u914d pattern \u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u5e2e\u52a9\uff1b\u5426\u5219\u6240\u6709\u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u548c shell \u63a7\u5236\u7ed3\u6784\u5c06\u88ab\u6253\u5370\u51fa\u6765\u3002 \u9009\u9879 -s\r\n\u9650\u5236\u4fe1\u606f\u663e\u793a\u4e3a\u7b80\u77ed\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\u6982\u8981\u3002 \u8fd4\u56de 0\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u6ca1\u6709\u5339\u914d pattern \u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\r\nhistory [n]\r\nhistory -c\r\nhistory -d offset\r\nhistory -anrw [filename]\r\nhistory -p arg [arg ...]\r\nhistory -s arg [arg ...]\r\n\u4e0d\u5e26\u9009\u9879\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u663e\u793a\u5e26\u884c\u53f7\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u5386\u53f2\u5217\u8868\u3002\u5217\u51fa\u7684\u884c\u4e2d\u542b\u6709 * \u7684\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u4fee\u6539\u8fc7\u3002\u53c2\u6570 n \u4f7f\u5f97\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u6700\u540e n \u884c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86 filename\uff0c\u5b83\u88ab\u7528\u505a\u5386\u53f2\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\uff1b\u6ca1\u6709\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u5c06\u4f7f\u7528 HISTFILE\r\n\u7684\u503c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5386\u53f2\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u3002\u9009\u9879\u5982\u679c\u7ed9\u51fa\uff0c\u5219\u5177\u6709\u4e0b\u5217\u610f\u4e49\uff1a\r\n-c \u6e05\u7a7a\u5386\u53f2\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u5220\u9664\u6240\u6709\u6761\u76ee\u3002\r\n-d offset\r\n\u5220\u9664 offset \u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u6761\u76ee\u3002\r\n-a \u5c06 ``\u65b0'' \u7684\u5386\u53f2\u6761\u76ee (\u81ea\u5f53\u524d bash \u4f1a\u8bdd\u5f00\u59cb\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u547d\u4ee4) \u8ffd\u52a0\u5230\u5386\u53f2\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u3002\r\n-n \u5c06\u5c1a\u672a\u4ece\u5386\u53f2\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u6761\u76ee\u8bfb\u5165\u5f53\u524d\u5386\u53f2\u5217\u8868\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u884c\u662f\u5f53\u524d bash \u4f1a\u8bdd\u5f00\u59cb\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u624d\u8ffd\u52a0\u5230\u5386\u53f2\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u884c\u3002\r\n-r \u8bfb\u53d6\u5386\u53f2\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\u4eec\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5f53\u524d\u5386\u53f2\u3002\r\n-w \u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u5386\u53f2\u5217\u8868\u5199\u5165\u5386\u53f2\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u8986\u76d6\u5386\u53f2\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u539f\u6709\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\r\n-p \u5bf9\u540e\u7eed\u7684 args \u8fdb\u884c\u5386\u53f2\u66ff\u6362\uff0c\u5728\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u4e0a\u663e\u793a\u7ed3\u679c\u3002 \u4e0d\u4f1a\u5c06\u7ed3\u679c\u5b58\u5165\u5386\u53f2\u5217\u8868\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a args \u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u88ab\u5f15\u7528\uff0c\u6765\u7981\u6b62 \u666e\u901a\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u6269\u5c55\u3002\r\n-s \u5c06 args \u4fdd\u5b58\u5230\u5386\u53f2\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u6761\u76ee\u3002\u5386\u53f2\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u5728\u6dfb\u52a0 args \u4e4b\u524d\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u3002\r\n\u8fd4\u56de 0\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u9047\u5230\u4e86\u975e\u6cd5\u7684\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u8bfb\/\u5199\u5386\u53f2\u6587\u4ef6\u53d1\u751f\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u5728 -d \u7684 \u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u65e0\u6548\u7684 offset\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5bf9 -p \u7684\u540e\u7eed\u53c2\u6570\u8fdb\u884c\u5386\u53f2\u6269\u5c55\u5931\u8d25\u3002\r\njobs [-lnprs] [ jobspec ... ]\r\njobs -x command [ args ... ]\r\n\u7b2c\u4e00\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u5217\u51fa\u6b63\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u4f5c\u4e1a\u3002\u9009\u9879\u5177\u6709\u4e0b\u5217\u610f\u4e49\uff1a\r\n-l \u666e\u901a\u4fe1\u606f\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5217\u51fa\u8fdb\u7a0bID\u3002\r\n-p \u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u4f5c\u4e1a\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ec4 leader \u7684\u8fdb\u7a0bID\u3002\r\n-n \u53ea\u663e\u793a\u4ece\u4e0a\u6b21\u7528\u6237\u5f97\u77e5\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u72b6\u6001\u53d1\u751f\u6539\u53d8\u7684\u4f5c\u4e1a\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\r\n-r \u9650\u5236\u53ea\u8f93\u51fa\u6b63\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u4f5c\u4e1a\u3002\r\n-s \u9650\u5236\u53ea\u8f93\u51fa\u505c\u6b62\u7684\u4f5c\u4e1a\u3002\r\n\u5982\u679c\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86 jobspec \u8f93\u51fa\u88ab\u9650\u5236\u4e3a\u4ec5\u6b64\u4f5c\u4e1a\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002 \u8fd4\u56de 0\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u9047\u5230\u4e86\u975e\u6cd5\u7684\u9009\u9879\u6216\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u975e\u6cd5\u7684 jobspec\u3002\r\n\u5982\u679c\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86 -x \u9009\u9879\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e1a jobs \u5c06 command \u6216 args \u4e2d\u7684\u4efb\u4f55 jobspec \u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ec4ID\uff0c\u6267\u884c command\uff0c \u4f20\u9012\u53c2\u6570 args \u7ed9\u5b83\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u5b83\u7684\u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001\u3002\r\nkill [-s sigspec | -n signum | -sigspec] [pid | jobspec] ...\r\nkill -l [sigspec | exit_status]\r\n\u5411\u4ee5 pid \u6216 jobspec \u4e3a\u540d\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53d1\u9001\u540d\u4e3a sigspec \u6216 signum \u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\u3002 sigspec \u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4fe1\u53f7\u540d\u79f0\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c SIGKILL \u6216\u4fe1\u53f7\u7f16\u53f7\uff1b signum \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4fe1\u53f7\u7f16\u53f7\u3002\u5982\u679c sigspec\r\n\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4fe1\u53f7\u540d\u79f0\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6ca1\u6709 SIG \u524d\u7f00\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed9\u51fa sigspec\uff0c \u90a3\u4e48\u5047\u8bbe\u662f SIGTERM\u3002 \u53c2\u6570 -l \u5c06\u5217\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7ed9\u51fa -l\r\n\u65f6\u8fd8\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5c06\u5217\u51fa\u53c2\u6570\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\u540d\u79f0\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u72b6\u6001 0\u3002 -l \u7684 exit_status \u53c2\u6570\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\uff0c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4fe1\u53f7\u7f16\u53f7\u6216\u88ab\u4fe1\u53f7 \u7ec8\u6b62\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001\u503c\u3002 kill\r\n\u8fd4\u56de\u771f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u81f3\u5c11\u6210\u529f\u53d1\u9001\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4fe1\u53f7\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8fd4\u56de\u5047\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u9519\u8bef\u6216\u9047\u5230\u4e86 \u975e\u6cd5\u7684\u9009\u9879\u3002\r\nlet arg [arg ...]\r\n\u6bcf\u4e2a arg \u90fd\u662f\u8981\u6c42\u503c\u7684\u7b97\u672f\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f (\u53c2\u89c1 \u7b97\u672f\u6c42\u503c (ARITHMETIC EVALUATION) \u7ae0\u8282)\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570 arg \u6c42\u503c\u7ed3\u679c\u662f 0\uff0c let \u8fd4\u56de 1\uff1b\u5426\u5219\u8fd4\u56de 0\u3002\r\nlocal [option] [name[=value] ...]\r\n\u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u5c06\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3a name \u7684\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u5e76\u8d4b\u4e88\u503c value\u3002 option \u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4efb\u4f55 declare \u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u503c\u3002\u5f53 local \u7528\u4e8e\u51fd\u6570\u5185\u90e8\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u4f7f\u5f97\u53d8\u91cf name\r\n\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u5c40\u9650\u4e8e\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u5b83\u7684\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u65f6\uff0c local \u5c06\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5217\u8868\u5199\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u4e0d\u5728\u51fd\u6570\u5185\u90e8\u4f7f\u7528 local \u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u51fa\u9519\u3002\u8fd4\u56de 0\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u5728\u51fd\u6570\u4e4b\u5916\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86 local\uff0c \u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u975e\u6cd5\u7684\r\nname\uff0c \u6216\u8005 name \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ea\u8bfb\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\r\nlogout \u9000\u51fa\u767b\u5f55 shell\u3002\r\npopd [-n] [+n] [-n]\r\n\u4ece\u76ee\u5f55\u6808\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u6761\u76ee\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u4ece\u6808\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u9876\u5c42\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u6267\u884c cd \u5207\u6362\u5230\u65b0\u7684\u9876\u5c42\u76ee\u5f55\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u6709\u4e0b\u5217\u7684\u542b\u4e49\uff1a\r\n+n \u5220\u9664 dirs \u7ed9\u51fa\u7684\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u4ece\u5de6\u6570\u7b2c n \u4e2a\u6761\u76ee (\u4ece 0 \u7b97\u8d77)\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a ``popd +0'' \u5220\u9664\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c ``popd +1'' \u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u3002\r\n-n \u5220\u9664 dirs \u7ed9\u51fa\u7684\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u4ece\u53f3\u6570\u7b2c n \u4e2a\u6761\u76ee (\u4ece 0 \u7b97\u8d77)\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a ``popd -0'' \u5220\u9664\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c ``popd -1'' \u5220\u9664\u5012\u6570\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u3002\r\n-n \u963b\u6b62\u4ece\u6808\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u76ee\u5f55\u4e4b\u540e\u6539\u53d8\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u53ea\u5bf9\u6808\u8fdb\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\r\n\u5982\u679c\u547d\u4ee4 popd \u6210\u529f\uff0c\u8fd8\u8981\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u4e2a dirs\uff0c \u8fd4\u56de 0\u3002 popd \u8fd4\u56de\u5047\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u9047\u5230\u4e86\u975e\u6cd5\u7684\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u76ee\u5f55\u6808\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u76ee\u5f55\u6808\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u6761\u76ee\uff0c \u6216\u8005\u6539\u53d8\u76ee\u5f55\u5931\u8d25\u3002\r\nprintf format [arguments]\r\n\u5728 format \u63a7\u5236\u4e0b\u5c06\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u7684 arguments \u5199\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u3002 format \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u4e09\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1a\u666e\u901a\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u88ab\u7b80\u5355\u5730\r\n\u590d\u5236\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u8f6c\u4e49\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u88ab\u8f6c\u6362\u5e76\u590d\u5236\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u683c\u5f0f\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a \u90fd\u4f7f\u5f97\u76f8\u90bb\u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a argument \u88ab\u6253\u5370\u51fa\u6765\u3002 \u5728\u6807\u51c6\u7684 printf(1) \u683c\u5f0f\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c%b \u4f7f\u5f97 printf \u5c55\u5f00\u76f8\u5e94 arguments\r\n\u4e2d\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u6760\u8f6c\u4e49\u5e8f\u5217\uff0c%q \u4f7f\u5f97 printf \u5c06 \u76f8\u5e94\u7684 argument \u4ee5\u4e00\u79cd\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u7528\u4e3a shell \u8f93\u5165\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\r\nformat \u5728\u9700\u8981\u65f6\u88ab\u91cd\u7528\uff0c\u4ee5\u5904\u7406\u6240\u6709\u7684 arguments\u3002 \u5982\u679c format \u9700\u8981\u6bd4\u6240\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u66f4\u591a\u7684 arguments\uff0c \u591a\u51fa\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u8bf4\u660e\u89c6\u4e3a\u5df2\u7ecf\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u76f8\u5e94\u7684 0 \u503c\u6216\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002 \u6210\u529f\u7684\u8bdd\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u662f\r\n0\uff0c\u5931\u8d25\u5219\u662f\u975e 0 \u503c\u3002\r\npushd [-n] [dir]\r\npushd [-n] [+n] [-n]\r\n\u5c06\u76ee\u5f55\u63a8\u5165\u76ee\u5f55\u6808\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8f6e\u6362\u6808\u4e2d\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u4f7f\u6808\u7684\u9876\u90e8\u6210\u4e3a\u5f53\u524d\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55\u3002 \u6ca1\u6709\u53c2\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u4ea4\u6362\u9876\u90e8\u4e24\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de 0\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u76ee\u5f55\u6808\u4e3a\u7a7a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u53c2\u6570\uff0c \u5b83\u4eec\u6709\u5982\u4e0b\u542b\u4e49\uff1a\r\n+n \u8f6e\u6362\u6808\u4e2d\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97 dirs \u7ed9\u51fa\u7684\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u4ece\u5de6\u6570\u7b2c n \u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55 (\u4ece 0 \u6570\u8d77) \u6210\u4e3a\u76ee\u5f55\u6808\u7684\u9876\u90e8\u3002\r\n-n \u8f6e\u6362\u6808\u4e2d\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97 dirs \u7ed9\u51fa\u7684\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u4ece\u53f3\u6570\u7b2c n \u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55 (\u4ece 0 \u6570\u8d77) \u6210\u4e3a\u76ee\u5f55\u6808\u7684\u9876\u90e8\u3002\r\n-n \u963b\u6b62\u5411\u6808\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u76ee\u5f55\u4e4b\u540e\u6539\u53d8\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u53ea\u5bf9\u6808\u8fdb\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\r\ndir \u6dfb\u52a0 dir \u5230\u6808\u9876\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5b83\u6210\u4e3a\u65b0\u7684\u5f53\u524d\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55\u3002\r\n\u5982\u679c\u547d\u4ee4 pushd \u6210\u529f\uff0c\u8fd8\u8981\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u4e2a dirs\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\u7b2c\u4e00\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c pushd \u8fd4\u56de 0\uff0c\u9664\u975e cd \u5207\u6362\u5230\u76ee\u5f55 dir \u5931\u8d25\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2d\u5f62\u5f0f\u65f6\uff0c pushd \u8fd4\u56de\r\n0\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u76ee\u5f55\u6808\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u76ee\u5f55\u6808\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u6216\u8005 \u5207\u6362\u5230\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u65b0\u7684\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u5931\u8d25\u3002\r\npwd [-LP]\r\n\u6253\u5370\u5f53\u524d\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u7edd\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\u540d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86 -P \u9009\u9879\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86\u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4 set \u7684 -o physical \u9009\u9879\uff0c\u6253\u5370\u51fa\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u540d\u4e2d\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5305\u542b\u7b26\u53f7\u94fe\u63a5\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86 -L\r\n\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u6253\u5370\u51fa\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u542b\u7b26\u53f7\u94fe\u63a5\u3002 \u8fd4\u56de 0\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u5728\u8bfb\u53d6\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u540d\u65f6\u51fa\u9519\u6216\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u975e\u6cd5\u7684\u9009\u9879\u3002\r\nread [-ers] [-u fd] [-t timeout] [-a aname] [-p prompt] [-n nchars] [-d delim] [name ...]\r\n\u4ece\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u8bfb\u5165\u4e00\u884c\uff0c\u6216\u4ece -u \u9009\u9879\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u7ed9\u51fa\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26 fd \u4e2d \u8bfb\u53d6\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bcd\u88ab\u8d4b\u4e88\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a name, \u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u8bcd\u88ab\u8d4b\u4e88\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a name, \u4ee5\u6b64\u7c7b\u63a8\uff0c\u591a\u4f59\u7684\u8bcd\u548c\u5176\u95f4\u7684\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u88ab\u8d4b\u4e88\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\r\nname. \u5982\u679c\u4ece\u8f93\u5165\u6d41\u8bfb\u5165\u7684\u8bcd\u6570\u6bd4\u540d\u79f0\u6570\u5c11\uff0c\u5269\u4f59\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u88ab\u8d4b\u4e88\u7a7a\u503c\u3002 IFS \u4e2d\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u88ab\u7528\u6765\u5c06\u884c\u62c6\u5206\u6210\u8bcd\u3002 \u53cd\u659c\u6760\u5b57\u7b26 (\\) \u88ab\u7528\u4e8e\u5220\u9664\u8bfb\u53d6\u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u542b\u4e49\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7eed\u884c\u3002\r\n\u5982\u679c\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u5c06\u5305\u542b\u4e0b\u5217\u542b\u4e49\uff1a\r\n-a aname\r\n\u8bcd\u88ab\u8d4b\u4ee5\u6570\u7ec4\u53d8\u91cf aname \u7684\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\u4e0b\u6807\uff0c\u4ece 0 \u5f00\u59cb\u3002\u5728\u8d4b\u65b0\u503c\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c aname \u88ab\u53d6\u6d88\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002\u5176\u4ed6 name \u53c2\u6570\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\u3002\r\n-d delim\r\ndelim \u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u88ab\u7528\u4e8e\u7ed3\u675f\u8f93\u5165\u884c\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u65b0\u884c\u7b26\u3002\r\n-e \u5982\u679c\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u6765\u81ea\u7ec8\u7aef\uff0c\u5c06\u4f7f\u7528 readline (\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0a\u9762\u7684 READLINE \u7ae0\u8282) \u6765\u83b7\u5f97\u8f93\u5165\u884c\u3002\r\n-n nchars\r\nread \u8bfb\u5165 nchars \u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u540e\u8fd4\u56de\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7b49\u5f85\u4e00\u6574\u884c\u8f93\u5165\u3002\r\n-p prompt\r\n\u8bfb\u53d6\u4efb\u4f55\u8f93\u5165\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5728\u6807\u51c6\u9519\u8bef\u663e\u793a\u63d0\u793a prompt\uff0c\u672b\u5c3e\u6ca1\u6709\u65b0\u884c\u7b26\u3002 \u63d0\u793a\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u8f93\u5165\u6765\u81ea\u7ec8\u7aef\u65f6\u624d\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u3002\r\n-r \u53cd\u659c\u6760\u4e0d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8f6c\u4e49\u5b57\u7b26\u3002\u53cd\u659c\u6760\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u884c\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u7279\u6b8a\u5730\uff0c\u4e00\u5bf9\u53cd\u659c\u6760-\u65b0\u884c\u7b26\u4e0d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7eed\u884c\u3002\r\n-s \u5b89\u9759\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8f93\u5165\u6765\u81ea\u7ec8\u7aef\uff0c\u5b57\u7b26\u5c06\u4e0d\u4f1a\u56de\u663e\u3002\r\n-t timeout\r\n\u4f7f\u5f97 read \u8d85\u65f6\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5728 timeout \u79d2\u5185\u6ca1\u6709\u8bfb\u5165\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u4e00\u884c\u8f93\u5165\u3002 \u5982\u679c read \u4e0d\u662f\u4ece\u7ec8\u7aef\u6216\u7ba1\u9053\u8bfb\u53d6\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u65e0\u6548\u3002\r\n-u fd \u4ece\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26 fd \u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6\u8f93\u5165\u3002\r\n\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed9\u51fa names\uff0c \u8bfb\u53d6\u7684\u4e00\u884c\u5c06\u8d4b\u4e88\u53d8\u91cf REPLY\u3002 \u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u662f 0\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u9047\u5230\u4e86 EOF\uff0creadP \u8d85\u65f6\uff0c\u6216\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u975e\u6cd5\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u4f5c\u4e3a -u \u7684\u53c2\u6570\u3002\r\nreadonly [-apf] [name ...]\r\n\u7ed9\u51fa\u7684 name \u5c06\u88ab\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3a\u53ea\u8bfb\u7684\uff1b names \u7684\u503c\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u540e\u6765\u7684\u8d4b\u503c\u8bed\u53e5\u6539\u53d8\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86 -f \u9009\u9879\uff0cnames \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u4e5f\u88ab\u6807\u8bb0\u3002\u9009\u9879 -a \u9650\u5236\u53d8\u91cf\u53ea\u80fd\u662f\u6570\u7ec4\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed9\u51fa name\r\n\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5982\u679c\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86 -p \u9009\u9879\uff0c\u5c06\u6253\u5370\u6240\u6709\u53ea\u8bfb\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u3002\u9009\u9879 -p \u4f7f\u5f97\u8f93\u51fa\u4ee5\u4e00\u79cd\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u91cd\u65b0\u7528\u4f5c\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002 \u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u662f 0\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u9047\u5230\u4e86\u975e\u6cd5\u7684\u9009\u9879\uff0c names \u4e4b\u4e00\u4e0d\u662f\u6709\u6548\u7684 shell\r\n\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\uff0c\u6216\u9009\u9879 -f \u4e2d\u7ed9\u51fa\u7684 name \u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u3002\r\nreturn [n]\r\n\u4f7f\u5f97\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u4ee5\u6307\u5b9a\u503c n \u9000\u51fa\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86 n\uff0c \u8fd4\u56de\u72b6\u6001\u662f\u51fd\u6570\u4f53\u4e2d\u6267\u884c\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u51fd\u6570\u5916\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u662f\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee5 . (source) \u547d\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u7684\u811a\u672c\u5185\uff0c\u5b83\u4f7f\u5f97 shell\r\n\u4e2d\u6b62\u6267\u884c\u811a\u672c\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de n \u6216\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u6267\u884c\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u51fd\u6570\u5916\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u4ee5 . \u6267\u884c\u7684\u811a\u672c\u5185\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u72b6\u6001\u662f\u5047\u3002\r\nset [--abefhkmnptuvxBCHP] [-o option] [arg ...]\r\n\u4e0d\u5e26\u9009\u9879\u65f6\uff0cshell \u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u548c\u503c\u5c06\u4ee5\u4e00\u79cd\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u7528\u4e3a\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002 \u8f93\u51fa\u6839\u636e\u5f53\u524d\u8bed\u8a00\u73af\u5883\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\u3002\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u9009\u9879\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6216\u53d6\u6d88\u4e86 shell \u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u3002\r\n\u5904\u7406\u5b8c\u9009\u9879\u4e4b\u540e\u5269\u4f59\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u53c2\u6570\u90fd\u88ab\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u503c\u88ab\u8d4b\u503c\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u8d4b\u4e88 $1, $2, ... $n. \u5982\u679c\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5177\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u542b\u4e49\uff1a\r\n-a \u81ea\u52a8\u5c06\u88ab\u4fee\u6539\u6216\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u548c\u51fd\u6570\u6807\u5fd7\u4e3a\u5bfc\u51fa\u81f3\u540e\u7eed\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u3002\r\n-b \u540e\u53f0\u4f5c\u4e1a\u7ed3\u675f\u65f6\u7acb\u5373\u62a5\u544a\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u4e0b\u6b21\u663e\u793a\u4e3b\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u524d\u62a5\u544a\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u542f\u7528\u4f5c\u4e1a\u63a7\u5236\u65f6\u624d\u6709\u6548\u3002\r\n-e \u7acb\u5373\u9000\u51fa\uff0c\u5982\u679c simple command (\u7b80\u5355\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0a\u9762\u7684 SHELL GRAMMAR \u8bed\u6cd5) \u4ee5\u975e\u96f6\u503c\u9000\u51fa\u3002shell \u4e0d\u4f1a\u9000\u51fa\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u662f until \u6216 while \u5faa\u73af\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c if\r\n\u8bed\u53e5\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c &amp;&amp; \u6216 \u23aa\u23aa \u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u662f\u7531 ! \u7ffb\u8f6c\u5f97\u5230\u3002\u9488\u5bf9 ERR \u7684\u9677\u9631\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u5c06\u5728 shell \u9000\u51fa\u524d\u6267\u884c\u3002\r\n-f \u7981\u6b62\u8def\u5f84\u6269\u5c55\u3002\r\n-h \u5728\u67e5\u627e\u5e76\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u4f4f\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u9ed8\u8ba4\u542f\u7528\u7684\u3002\r\n-k \u6240\u6709\u4ee5\u8d4b\u503c\u8bed\u53e5\u5f62\u5f0f\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u90fd\u88ab\u52a0\u5165\u5230\u547d\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u524d\u9762\u90a3\u4e9b\u3002\r\n-m \u76d1\u89c6\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u4f5c\u4e1a\u63a7\u5236\u88ab\u542f\u7528\u3002\u5728\u652f\u6301\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b83\u5728\u4ea4\u4e92 shell \u4e2d\u662f\u9ed8\u8ba4\u542f\u7528\u7684 (\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0a\u9762\u7684 JOB CONTROL \u4f5c\u4e1a\u63a7\u5236)\u3002\r\n\u540e\u53f0\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5728\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ec4\u4e2d\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u7ed3\u675f\u65f6\u5c06\u6253\u5370\u51fa\u5305\u542b\u5b83\u4eec\u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u4e00\u884c\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\r\n-n \u8bfb\u53d6\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u6267\u884c\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5728\u68c0\u67e5 shell \u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u4ea4\u4e92 shell \u4e2d\u5b83\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\u3002\r\n-o option-name\r\noption-name \u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u5982\u4e0b\u4e4b\u4e00\uff1a\r\nallexport\r\n\u4e0e -a \u76f8\u540c\u3002\r\nbraceexpand\r\n\u4e0e -B \u76f8\u540c\u3002\r\nemacs \u4f7f\u7528 emacs \u6837\u5f0f\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u7f16\u8f91\u754c\u9762\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u5728\u4ea4\u4e92 shell \u4e2d\u9ed8\u8ba4\u542f\u7528\uff0c\u9664\u975e shell \u4ee5 --noediting \u9009\u9879\u542f\u52a8\u3002\r\nerrexit \u4e0e -e \u76f8\u540c\u3002\r\nhashall \u4e0e -h \u76f8\u540c\u3002\r\nhistexpand\r\n\u4e0e -H \u76f8\u540c\u3002\r\nhistory \u5141\u8bb8\u8bb0\u5f55\u547d\u4ee4\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u5982\u4e0a\u8ff0 HISTORY \u4e2d\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u5728\u4ea4\u4e92 shell \u4e2d\u9ed8\u8ba4\u542f\u7528\u3002\r\nignoreeof\r\n\u5b83\u7684\u6548\u679c\u662f\u597d\u50cf\u5df2\u7ecf\u6267\u884c\u4e86 shell \u547d\u4ee4 ``IGNOREEOF=10'' \u4e00\u6837 (\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0a\u9762\u7684 Shell Variables \u53d8\u91cf)\u3002\r\nkeyword \u4e0e -k \u76f8\u540c\u3002\r\nmonitor \u4e0e -m \u76f8\u540c\u3002\r\nnoclobber\r\n\u4e0e -C \u76f8\u540c\u3002\r\nnoexec \u4e0e -n \u76f8\u540c\u3002\r\nnoglob \u4e0e -f \u76f8\u540c\u3002 nolog \u5f53\u524d\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\u3002\r\nnotify \u4e0e -b \u76f8\u540c\u3002\r\nnounset \u4e0e -u \u76f8\u540c\u3002\r\nonecmd \u4e0e -t \u76f8\u540c\u3002\r\nphysical\r\n\u4e0e -P \u76f8\u540c\u3002\r\nposix \u5982\u679c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e0e POSIX 1003.2 \u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u6539\u53d8 bash \u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u6765\u6ee1\u8db3\u6807\u51c6 (posix mode)\u3002\r\nprivileged\r\n\u4e0e -p \u76f8\u540c\u3002\r\nverbose \u4e0e -v \u76f8\u540c\u3002\r\nvi \u4f7f\u7528 vi \u6837\u5f0f\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u7f16\u8f91\u754c\u9762\u3002\r\nxtrace \u4e0e -x \u76f8\u540c\u3002\r\n\u5982\u679c\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u4e0d\u5e26 option-name \u7684 -o \u9009\u9879\uff0c\u5f53\u524d\u9009\u9879\u7684\u503c\u5c06\u88ab\u6253\u5370\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u4e0d\u5e26 option-name \u7684 +o \u9009\u9879\uff0c\u5c06\u5728\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u663e\u793a\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u5efa\u5f53\u524d\u9009\u9879\u8bbe\u5b9a\u7684 set \u547d\u4ee4\u3002\r\n-p \u6253\u5f00 privileged mode (\u7279\u6743\u6a21\u5f0f)\u3002 \u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5904\u7406 $ENV \u548c $BASH_ENV \u6587\u4ef6\uff0cshell \u51fd\u6570\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4ece\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u7ee7\u627f\uff0c\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u5982\u679c\u6709\u53d8\u91cf SHELLOPTS\uff0c \u4e5f\u5c06\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\u3002\u5982\u679c shell\r\n\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u7684\u6709\u6548\u7528\u6237(\u7ec4) ID \u4e0e\u771f\u5b9e\u7528\u6237(\u7ec4) ID \u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed9\u51fa -p \u9009\u9879\uff0c \u5c06\u6267\u884c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u6709\u6548\u7528\u6237 ID \u5c06\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u771f\u5b9e\u7528\u6237 ID\u3002\u5982\u679c\u542f\u52a8\u662f\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86 -p \u9009\u9879\uff0c\u6709\u6548\u7528\u6237 ID \u4e0d\u4f1a\r\n\u88ab\u91cd\u7f6e\u3002\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u5173\u95ed\u4f7f\u5f97\u6709\u6548\u7528\u6237\u548c\u7ec4 ID \u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u771f\u5b9e\u7528\u6237\u548c\u7ec4 ID\u3002\r\n-t \u8bfb\u53d6\u5e76\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u540e\u9000\u51fa\u3002\r\n-u \u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u6269\u5c55\u65f6\uff0c\u5c06\u672a\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u4f5c\u4e3a\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8bd5\u56fe\u6269\u5c55\u672a\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\uff0cshell \u5c06\u8f93\u51fa\u4e00\u6761\u9519\u8bef\u6d88\u606f; \u5982\u679c\u662f\u975e\u4ea4\u4e92\u7684 shell\uff0cshell \u5c06\u4ee5\u975e\u96f6\u503c\u9000\u51fa\u3002\r\n-v \u5728\u8bfb\u53d6\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u540c\u65f6\u6253\u5370\u51fa\u6765\u3002\r\n-x \u6269\u5c55\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u663e\u793a PS4 \u7684\u503c\uff0c\u63a5\u7740\u663e\u793a\u547d\u4ee4\u548c\u5b83\u6269\u5c55\u540e\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u3002\r\n-B shell \u6267\u884c\u82b1\u62ec\u53f7\u6269\u5c55 (\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0a\u9762\u7684 Brace Expansion)\u3002 \u8fd9\u662f\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5141\u8bb8\u7684\u3002\r\n-C \u5982\u679c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c bash \u4f7f\u7528\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26 &gt;, &gt;&amp;, \u548c &lt;&gt; \u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8986\u76d6\u5df2\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26 &gt;| \u4ee3\u66ff &gt; \u6765\u521b\u5efa\u8f93\u51fa\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u7ed5\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9650\u5236\u3002\r\n-H \u5141\u8bb8 Enable ! \u6837\u5f0f\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u66ff\u6362\u3002\u5728\u4ea4\u4e92 shell \u4e2d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u662f\u9ed8\u8ba4\u542f\u7528\u7684\u3002\r\n-P \u5982\u679c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u8bdd\uff0cshell \u5728\u6267\u884c\u7c7b\u4f3c cd \u7684\uff0c\u6539\u53d8\u5f53\u524d\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8ddf\u968f\u7b26\u53f7\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u5b83\u5c06\u4f7f\u7528\u7269\u7406\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u7ed3\u6784\u6765\u4ee3\u66ff\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c bash\r\n\u5728\u6267\u884c\u6539\u53d8\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u65f6\u8ddf\u968f\u8def\u5f84\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u94fe\u3002\r\n-- \u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u6ca1\u6709\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5c06\u53d6\u6d88\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002\u5426\u5219\uff0c\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570\u5c06\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a arg\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5b83\u4eec\u4ee5 - \u5f00\u59cb\u3002\r\n- \u901a\u77e5\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u6240\u6709\u5269\u4f59\u7684 arg \u88ab\u8d4b\u4e88\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570\u3002 -x \u548c -v \u9009\u9879\u88ab\u5173\u95ed\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709 arg\uff0c\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570\u5c06\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6539\u53d8\u3002\r\n\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662f\u5173\u95ed\u7684\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u53e6\u5916\u8bf4\u660e\u3002\u4f7f\u7528 + \u800c\u4e0d\u662f - \u4f7f\u5f97\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9009\u9879\u88ab\u5173\u95ed\u3002\u9009\u9879\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53c2\u6570\uff0c \u5728 shell \u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u6307\u5b9a\u3002\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u9009\u9879\u96c6\u5408\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece $-\r\n\u627e\u5230\u3002\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u603b\u662f\u771f\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u9047\u5230\u4e86\u975e\u6cd5\u7684\u9009\u9879\u3002\r\nshift [n]\r\n\u4ece n+1 ... \u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u9009\u9879\u88ab\u91cd\u547d\u540d\u4e3a $1 .... \u4ece $# \u5411\u4e0b\u76f4\u5230 $#-n+1 \u7684\u9009\u9879\u88ab\u53d6\u6d88\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002 n \u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u975e\u8d1f\u6574\u6570\uff0c\u5c0f\u4e8e\u6216\u7b49\u4e8e $#\u3002\u5982\u679c n \u662f 0\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6539\u53d8\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed9\u51fa n\uff0c \u5c31\u5047\u5b9a\u5b83\u662f\r\n1\u3002\u5982\u679c n \u6bd4 $# \u5927\uff0c\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6539\u53d8\u3002\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u5927\u4e8e 0\uff0c\u5982\u679c n \u6bd4 $# \u5927\u6216\u5c0f\u4e8e 0\uff1b\u5426\u5219\u8fd4\u56de 0\u3002\r\nshopt [-pqsu] [-o] [optname ...]\r\n\u5bf9\u4e8e\u63a7\u5236\u53ef\u9009\u7684 shell \u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u6539\u53d8\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u503c\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u9009\u9879\u6216\u8005\u6709 -p \u9009\u9879\u65f6\uff0c\u5c06\u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u9009\u9879\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u5426\u5df2\u7ecf\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u6307\u793a\u3002 -p\r\n\u4f7f\u5f97\u8f93\u51fa\u4ee5\u4e00\u79cd\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u91cd\u7528\u4e3a\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u3002 \u5176\u4ed6\u9009\u9879\u6709\u5982\u4e0b\u542b\u4e49\uff1a\r\n-s \u5141\u8bb8(\u8bbe\u7f6e) \u6bcf\u4e2a optname\u3002\r\n-u \u7981\u6b62(\u53d6\u6d88) \u6bcf\u4e2a optname\u3002\r\n-q \u7981\u6b62\u901a\u5e38\u7684\u8f93\u51fa (\u5b89\u9759\u6a21\u5f0f)\uff1b\u8fd4\u56de\u72b6\u6001\u6307\u793a\u4e86 optname \u662f\u5426\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u5bf9 -q \u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u591a\u4e2a optname \u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6240\u6709 optname \u90fd\u88ab\u5141\u8bb8\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u5c31\u662f 0\uff1b \u5426\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u975e\u96f6\u503c\u3002\r\n-o \u9650\u5236 optname \u7684\u503c\u4e3a\u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4 set \u7684 -o \u9009\u9879\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u503c\u3002\r\n\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528 -s \u6216 -u \u65f6\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed9\u51fa optname \u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u663e\u793a\u5c06\u5206\u522b\u9650\u4e8e\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6216\u88ab\u53d6\u6d88\u7684\u9009\u9879\u3002 \u9664\u975e\u53e6\u5916\u8bf4\u660e\uff0cshopt \u9009\u9879\u9ed8\u8ba4\u88ab\u7981\u6b62(\u53d6\u6d88)\u3002\r\n\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u5728\u5217\u51fa\u9009\u9879\u65f6\u662f 0\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6240\u6709 optname \u90fd\u88ab\u5141\u8bb8\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u662f\u975e\u96f6\u503c\u3002 \u5f53\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6216\u53d6\u6d88\u9009\u9879\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u662f 0\uff0c\u9664\u975e optname \u662f\u975e\u6cd5\u7684 shell \u9009\u9879\u3002\r\nshopt \u9009\u9879\u7684\u5217\u8868\u662f\uff1a\r\ncdable_vars\r\n\u5982\u679c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4 cd \u7684\u53c2\u6570\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u662f\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u5c31\u5047\u5b9a\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u503c\u662f\u8981\u5207\u6362\u5230\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u540d\u3002\r\ncdspell \u5982\u679c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c cd \u547d\u4ee4\u4e2d\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u7ec6\u5fae\u62fc\u5199\u9519\u8bef\u80fd\u591f\u5f97\u4ee5\u7ea0\u6b63\u3002\u68c0\u67e5\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u5305\u62ec\u5b57\u7b26\u9519\u4f4d\uff0c\u7f3a\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c \u91cd\u590d\u8f93\u5165\u540c\u4e00\u5b57\u7b26\u3002\u5982\u679c\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u5c06\u6253\u5370\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\uff0c\u547d\u4ee4\u5c06\u7ee7\u7eed\u3002\r\n\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u53ea\u80fd\u5728\u4ea4\u4e92 shell \u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\r\ncheckhash\r\n\u5982\u679c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u8bdd\uff0cbash \u5728\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u524d\u68c0\u6d4b\u6563\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u88ab\u6563\u5217\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u518d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5c06\u8fdb\u884c\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u641c\u7d22\u3002\r\ncheckwinsize\r\n\u5982\u679c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u8bdd\uff0cbash \u5728\u6bcf\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u540e\u68c0\u6d4b\u7a97\u53e3\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u9700\u8981\u7684\u8bdd\u5c31\u66f4\u65b0 LINES \u548c COLUMNS \u7684\u503c\u3002\r\ncmdhist \u5982\u679c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c bash \u8bd5\u7740\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u591a\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u6240\u6709\u884c\u653e\u5230\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5386\u53f2\u6761\u76ee\u4e2d\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u4f7f\u5f97 \u591a\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bb9\u6613\u5730\u91cd\u65b0\u4fee\u6539\u3002\r\ndotglob \u5982\u679c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c bash \u4f1a\u628a\u4ee5 `.' \u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u5305\u542b\u5728\u8def\u5f84\u540d\u6269\u5c55\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u4e2d\u3002\r\nexecfail\r\n\u5982\u679c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u975e\u4ea4\u4e92\u7684 shell \u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u80fd\u6267\u884c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53c2\u6570\u63d0\u4f9b\u7ed9\u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4 exec \u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\u5c06\u4e0d\u4f1a\u9000\u51fa\u3002\u4ea4\u4e92\u7684 shell \u5728 exec \u5931\u8d25\u65f6\u4e0d\u4f1a\u9000\u51fa\u3002\r\nexpand_aliases\r\n\u5982\u679c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u522b\u540d\u88ab\u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u4e0a\u9762 ALIASES \u4e2d\u8bb2\u5230\u7684\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u5728\u4ea4\u4e92 shell \u4e2d\u662f\u9ed8\u8ba4\u542f\u7528\u7684\u3002\r\nextglob \u5982\u679c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u5c06\u5141\u8bb8\u4e0a\u9762 Pathname Expansion \u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7279\u6027\u3002\r\nhistappend\r\n\u5982\u679c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u5728 shell \u9000\u51fa\u65f6\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u5217\u8868\u5c06\u8ffd\u52a0\u5230\u4ee5 HISTFILE \u7684\u503c\u4e3a\u540d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u8986\u76d6\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\r\nhistreedit\r\n\u5982\u679c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6b63\u5728\u4f7f\u7528 readline\uff0c \u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u65b0\u4fee\u6539\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u66ff\u6362\u3002\r\nhistverify\r\n\u5982\u679c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6b63\u5728\u4f7f\u7528 readline\uff0c \u5386\u53f2\u66ff\u6362\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u7acb\u5373\u4f20\u7ed9 shell \u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\u884c\u88ab\u52a0\u8f7d\u5230 readline \u7f16\u8f91\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u8fdb\u884c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u4fee\u6539\u3002\r\nhostcomplete\r\n\u5982\u679c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6b63\u5728\u4f7f\u7528 readline\uff0c bash \u5c06\u8bd5\u7740\u5bf9\u6b63\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u8865\u5168\u7684\u5305\u542b \u7684\u8bcd\u8fdb\u884c\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\u8865\u5168 (\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0a\u9762\u7684 READLINE \u4e2d\u7684 Completing \u6bb5\u843d)\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5141\u8bb8\u7684\u3002\r\nhuponexit\r\n\u5982\u679c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u5728\u4ea4\u4e92\u7684\u767b\u5f55 shell \u9000\u51fa\u65f6 bash \u5c06\u5411\u6240\u6709\u4f5c\u4e1a\u53d1\u51fa SIGHUP \u4fe1\u53f7\u3002\r\ninteractive_comments\r\n\u5982\u679c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u5c06\u5141\u8bb8\u5728\u4ea4\u4e92 shell \u4e2d\u9047\u5230\u4ee5 # \u5f00\u5934\u7684\u8bcd\u65f6\u5ffd\u7565\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u548c\u4e00\u884c\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u5269\u4f59\u7684\u5b57\u7b26 (\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0a\u9762\u7684 COMMENTS \u6ce8\u91ca)\u3002 \u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u662f\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5141\u8bb8\u7684\u3002\r\nlithist \u5982\u679c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5141\u8bb8\u4e86 cmdhist \u9009\u9879\uff0c\u591a\u884c\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u5728\u4fdd\u5b58\u5230\u5386\u53f2\u4e2d\u65f6\u5c06\u5305\u542b\u65b0\u884c\u7b26\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u4f7f\u7528\u5206\u53f7\u3002\r\nlogin_shell\r\n\u5982\u679c shell \u4f5c\u4e3a\u767b\u5f55 shell \u542f\u52a8\uff0c\u5c06\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879 (\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0a\u9762\u7684 \u542f\u52a8(INVOCATION) )\u3002 \u8fd9\u4e2a\u503c\u4e0d\u53ef\u4fee\u6539\u3002\r\nmailwarn\r\n\u5982\u679c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14 bash \u6b63\u5728\u68c0\u6d4b\u4e0a\u6b21\u68c0\u6d4b\u4ee5\u6765\u88ab\u5b58\u53d6\u8fc7\u7684\u90ae\u4ef6\uff0c \u5c06\u663e\u793a ``The mail in mailfile has been read''(mailfile \u4e2d\u7684\u90ae\u4ef6\u5df2\u88ab\u8bfb\u53d6)\u3002\r\nno_empty_cmd_completion\r\n\u5982\u679c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6b63\u5728\u4f7f\u7528 readline\uff0c \u8bd5\u56fe\u5728\u7a7a\u884c\u4e0a\u6267\u884c\u8865\u5168\u65f6\uff0c bash \u4e0d\u4f1a\u641c\u7d22 PATH \u6765\u67e5\u627e\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u8865\u5168\u3002\r\nnocaseglob\r\n\u5982\u679c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c bash \u8fdb\u884c\u8def\u5f84\u6269\u5c55\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u4e0d\u654f\u611f\u65b9\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u6587\u4ef6\u540d(\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0a\u9762\u7684 Pathname Expansion \u8def\u5f84\u6269\u5c55)\u3002\r\nnullglob\r\n\u5982\u679c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c bash \u5c06\u5141\u8bb8\u4e0d\u5339\u914d\u4efb\u4f55\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u6269\u5c55\u4e3a\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5b83\u4eec\u81ea\u8eab(\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0a\u9762\u7684 Pathname Expansion \u8def\u5f84\u6269\u5c55)\u3002\r\nprogcomp\r\n\u5982\u679c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u5c06\u542f\u7528\u53ef\u7f16\u7a0b\u8865\u5168\u529f\u80fd (\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0a\u9762\u7684 Programmable Completion)\u3002 \u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u662f\u9ed8\u8ba4\u542f\u7528\u7684\u3002\r\npromptvars\r\n\u5982\u679c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u63d0\u793a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u8981\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e0a\u9762 PROMPTING \u4e2d\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8fd8\u8981\u7ecf\u8fc7\u53d8\u91cf\u548c\u53c2\u6570\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u662f\u9ed8\u8ba4\u542f\u7528\u7684\u3002\r\nrestricted_shell\r\nshell \u8bbe\u7f6e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5b83\u662f\u4ee5\u53d7\u9650\u6a21\u5f0f\u542f\u7528\u7684 (\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u7684 \u53d7\u9650\u7684shell(RESTRICTED SHELL) \u7ae0\u8282)\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u503c\u4e0d\u80fd\u4fee\u6539\u3002\u5728\u6267\u884c\u542f\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u91cd\u7f6e\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u542f\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\u53ef\u4ee5\r\n\u5f97\u77e5 shell \u662f\u5426\u662f\u53d7\u9650\u7684\u3002\r\nshift_verbose\r\n\u5982\u679c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4 shift \u5728\u504f\u79fb\u91cf\u8d85\u8fc7\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u4e2a\u6570\u65f6\u6253\u5370\u4e00\u6761\u9519\u8bef\u6d88\u606f\u3002\r\nsourcepath\r\n\u5982\u679c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4 source (.) \u4f7f\u7528 PATH \u4e2d\u7684\u503c\u6765\u67e5\u627e\u5305\u542b\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53c2\u6570\u7ed9\u51fa\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662f\u542f\u7528\u7684\u3002\r\nxpg_echo\r\n\u5982\u679c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4 echo \u9ed8\u8ba4\u6269\u5c55\u53cd\u659c\u6760\u8f6c\u4e49\u5e8f\u5217\u3002\r\nsuspend [-f]\r\n\u6302\u8d77 shell \u7684\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u6536\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a SIGCONT \u4fe1\u53f7\u3002\u9009\u9879 -f \u8868\u793a\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u767b\u5f55 shell\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4e0d\u8981\u63d0\u793a\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u6302\u8d77\u3002\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u662f 0\uff0c\u9664\u975e shell \u662f\u767b\u5f55 shell \u5e76\u4e14\u6ca1\u6709\u6307\u5b9a -f\uff0c\r\n\u6216\u8005\u6ca1\u6709\u542f\u7528\u4f5c\u4e1a\u63a7\u5236\u3002\r\ntest expr\r\n[ expr ]\r\n\u8fd4\u56de\u72b6\u6001\u503c 0 \u6216 1\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u6761\u4ef6\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f expr \u7684\u6c42\u503c\u800c\u5b9a\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0a\u9762 \u6761\u4ef6\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f (CONDITIONAL EXPRESSIONS) \u4e2d\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u6784\u9020\u3002\r\n\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e0b\u5217\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u4ee5\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u7684\u964d\u5e8f\u5217\u51fa\u3002\r\n! expr \u503c\u4e3a\u771f\uff0c\u5982\u679c expr \u4e3a\u5047\u3002\r\n( expr )\r\n\u8fd4\u56de expr \u7684\u503c\u3002\u62ec\u53f7\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u8d85\u8d8a\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u3002\r\nexpr1 -a expr2\r\n\u503c\u4e3a\u771f\uff0c\u5982\u679c expr1 \u548c expr2 \u90fd\u4e3a\u771f\u3002\r\nexpr1 -o expr2\r\n\u503c\u4e3a\u771f\uff0c\u5982\u679c expr1 \u6216 expr2 \u4e3a\u771f\u3002\r\ntest \u548c [ \u4f7f\u7528\u57fa\u4e8e\u53c2\u6570\u4e2a\u6570\u7684\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u5bf9\u6761\u4ef6\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u6c42\u503c\u3002\r\n0 arguments\r\n\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u4e3a\u5047\u3002\r\n1 argument\r\n\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u4e3a\u771f\uff0c\u5f53\u4e14\u4ec5\u5f53\u53c2\u6570\u975e\u7a7a\u3002\r\n2 arguments\r\n\u5982\u679c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u662f !\uff0c\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u4e3a\u771f\uff0c\u5f53\u4e14\u4ec5\u5f53\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u4e3a\u7a7a\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u662f\u4e0a\u9762 \u6761\u4ef6\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f (CONDITIONAL EXPRESSIONS)\r\n\u4e2d\u5217\u51fa\u7684\u5355\u76ee\u6761\u4ef6\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u4e3a\u771f\uff0c\u5f53\u4e14\u4ec5\u5f53\u5355\u76ee\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e3a\u771f\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u4e0d\u662f\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u5355\u76ee\u6761\u4ef6\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\uff0c\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u4e3a\u5047\u3002\r\n3 arguments\r\n\u5982\u679c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u662f\u4e0a\u9762 \u6761\u4ef6\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f (CONDITIONAL EXPRESSIONS) \u4e2d\u5217\u51fa\u7684\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6761\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u7b2c\u4e00\u548c\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u4f5c\u4e3a\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u7684\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\r\n\u5982\u679c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u662f !\uff0c\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u503c\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u7b2c\u4e8c\u548c\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u8fdb\u884c\u53cc\u53c2\u6570\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u53d6\u53cd\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u662f (\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u662f )\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u5bf9\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u8fdb\u884c\u5355\u53c2\u6570\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\r\n\u5426\u5219\uff0c\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u4e3a\u5047\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b -a \u548c -o \u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u3002\r\n4 arguments\r\n\u5982\u679c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u662f !\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u7531\u5269\u4f59\u53c2\u6570\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u4e09\u53c2\u6570\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7ed3\u679c\u53d6\u53cd\u3002 \u5426\u5219\uff0c\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u88ab\u6839\u636e\u4e0a\u9762\u5217\u51fa\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u89c4\u5219\u89e3\u91ca\u5e76\u6267\u884c\u3002\r\n5 \u6216\u66f4\u591a arguments\r\n\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u88ab\u6839\u636e\u4e0a\u9762\u5217\u51fa\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u89c4\u5219\u89e3\u91ca\u5e76\u6267\u884c\u3002\r\ntimes \u5bf9 shell \u4ee5\u53ca shell \u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u6253\u5370\u7d2f\u8ba1\u7684\u7528\u6237\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u65f6\u95f4\u3002 \u8fd4\u56de\u72b6\u6001\u662f 0\u3002\r\ntrap [-lp] [arg] [sigspec ...]\r\n\u5f53 shell \u6536\u5230\u4fe1\u53f7 sigspec \u65f6\uff0c\u547d\u4ee4 arg \u5c06\u88ab\u8bfb\u53d6\u5e76\u6267\u884c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed9\u51fa arg \u6216\u8005\u7ed9\u51fa\u7684\u662f -, \u6240\u6709\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u503c (\u8fdb\u5165 shell \u65f6\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u503c)\u3002\u5982\u679c arg \u662f\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\r\nsigspec \u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\u88ab shell \u548c\u5b83\u542f\u52a8\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u5ffd\u7565\u3002\u5982\u679c arg \u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86 -p \u90a3\u4e48\u4e0e\u6bcf\u4e2a sigspec \u76f8\u5173\u8054\u7684\u9677\u9631\u547d\u4ee4\u5c06\u88ab\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed9\u51fa\u4efb\u4f55\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u6216\u53ea\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86 -p\uff0c trap\r\n\u5c06\u6253\u5370\u51fa\u4e0e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4fe1\u53f7\u7f16\u53f7\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u5217\u8868\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a sigspec \u53ef\u4ee5\u662f &lt;signal.h&gt; \u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\u540d\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4fe1\u53f7\u7f16\u53f7\u3002 \u5982\u679c sigspec \u662f EXIT (0)\uff0c\u547d\u4ee4 arg \u5c06\u5728 shell \u9000\u51fa\u65f6\u6267\u884c\u3002\u5982\u679c\r\nsigspec \u662f DEBUG, \u547d\u4ee4 arg \u5c06\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u547d\u4ee4 (simple command\uff0c\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0a\u9762\u7684 SHELL GRAMMAR) \u4e4b\u540e\u6267\u884c\u3002\u5982\u679c sigspec \u662f ERR, \u547d\u4ee4 arg\r\n\u5c06\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u547d\u4ee4\u4ee5\u975e\u96f6\u503c\u9000\u51fa\u65f6\u6267\u884c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u662f until \u6216 while \u5faa\u73af\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c if \u8bed\u53e5\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c &amp;&amp; \u6216 \u23aa\u23aa \u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u662f\u901a\u8fc7 ! \u8f6c\u5316\u800c\u6765\uff0c ERR\r\n\u9677\u9631\u5c06\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u3002\u9009\u9879 -l \u4f7f\u5f97 shell \u6253\u5370\u4fe1\u53f7\u540d\u548c\u5bf9\u5e94\u7f16\u53f7\u7684\u5217\u8868\u3002 shell \u5ffd\u7565\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u6355\u6349\u6216\u91cd\u7f6e\u3002\u5728\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u88ab\u6355\u6349\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\u5728\u8fdb\u7a0b\u521b\u5efa\u65f6\u88ab\u91cd\u7f6e\u4e3a\u521d\u59cb\u503c\u3002 \u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u4e3a\u5047\uff0c\u5982\u679c\r\nsigspec \u975e\u6cd5\uff1b\u5426\u5219 trap \u8fd4\u56de\u771f\u3002\r\ntype [-aftpP] name [name ...]\r\n\u6ca1\u6709\u9009\u9879\u65f6\uff0c\u6307\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a name \u5c06\u5982\u4f55\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u7528\u4f5c\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86 -t \u9009\u9879\uff0c type \u6253\u5370\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u5185\u5bb9\u662f\u5982\u4e0b\u4e4b\u4e00\uff1a alias, keyword, function, builtin, \u6216 file \uff0c \u5982\u679c\r\nname \u5206\u522b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u522b\u540d\uff0cshell \u4fdd\u7559\u5b57\uff0c\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4\u6216\u78c1\u76d8\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u627e\u5230 name\uff0c \u90a3\u4e48\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6253\u5370\u4efb\u4f55\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001\u5047\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86 -p \u9009\u9879\uff0c type \u8fd4\u56de\u5982\u679c name\r\n\u4f5c\u4e3a\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\uff0c\u5c06\u88ab\u6267\u884c\u7684\u78c1\u76d8\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\uff1b\u6216\u8005\u8fd4\u56de\u7a7a\uff0c\u5982\u679c ``type -t name'' \u4e0d\u4f1a\u8fd4\u56de file. \u9009\u9879 -P \u9009\u9879\u5f3a\u5236\u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e2a name \u641c\u7d22 PATH\uff0c \u5373\u4f7f ``type -t name'' \u4e0d\u4f1a\u8fd4\u56de file.\r\n\u5982\u679c\u547d\u4ee4\u5728\u6563\u5217\u4e2d\uff0c -p \u548c -P \u5c06\u6253\u5370\u6563\u5217\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f PATH \u4e2d\u9996\u5148\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86 -a \u9009\u9879\uff0c type \u6253\u5370\u6240\u6709\u5305\u542b\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u7684\u540d\u79f0 name\r\n\u7684\u573a\u5408\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\u5305\u62ec\u522b\u540d\u548c\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5f53\u4e14\u4ec5\u5f53\u6ca1\u6709\u540c\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528 -p \u9009\u9879\u3002\u4f7f\u7528 -a \u65f6\u4e0d\u4f1a\u67e5\u627e\u6563\u5217\u4e2d\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u8868\u3002\u9009\u9879 -f \u963b\u6b62 shell \u8fdb\u884c\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u5728\u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4 command \u4e2d\u4e00\u6837\u3002 type\r\n\u8fd4\u56de\u771f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u4efb\u4f55\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u4ec0\u4e48\u90fd\u6ca1\u627e\u5230\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5047\u3002\r\nulimit [-SHacdflmnpstuv [limit]]\r\n\u5728\u652f\u6301\u5b83\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\uff0c\u5bf9 shell \u548c\u5b83\u542f\u52a8\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u5bf9\u53ef\u7528\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u3002 \u9009\u9879 -H \u548c -S \u6307\u5b9a\u4e3a\u6240\u7ed9\u8d44\u6e90\u8bbe\u5b9a\u7684\u786c\u6027\u548c\u67d4\u6027\u9650\u989d\u3002\r\n\u786c\u6027\u9650\u989d\u5728\u8bbe\u7f6e\u540e\u4e0d\u80fd\u589e\u52a0\uff1b\u67d4\u6027\u9650\u989d\u53ef\u4ee5\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u4e0e\u786c\u6027\u9650\u989d\u76f8\u7b49\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed9\u51fa -H \u6216 -S \u9009\u9879\uff0c\u5c06\u540c\u65f6\u8bbe\u7f6e\u786c\u6027\u548c\u67d4\u6027\u9650\u989d\u3002 limit\r\n\u7684\u503c\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\uff0c\u5355\u4f4d\u662f\u6307\u5b9a\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u5355\u5143\u503c\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662f\u7279\u6b8a\u503c hard, soft, \u6216 unlimited \u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u610f\u601d\u5206\u522b\u662f\u5f53\u524d\u786c\u6027\u9650\u989d\uff0c\u5f53\u524d\u67d4\u6027\u9650\u989d\u548c\u6ca1\u6709\u9650\u989d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86 limit\uff0c\r\n\u5c06\u6253\u5370\u51fa\u5f53\u524d\u5bf9\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u67d4\u6027\u9650\u989d\u503c\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86 -H \u9009\u9879\u3002\u5f53\u6307\u5b9a\u591a\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a \u8d44\u6e90\u65f6\uff0c\u9650\u989d\u540d\u79f0\u548c\u5355\u4f4d\u5c06\u5728\u503c\u4e4b\u524d\u6253\u5370\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u9009\u9879\u6309\u7167\u5982\u4e0b\u610f\u4e49\u89e3\u91ca\uff1a\r\n-a \u62a5\u544a\u6240\u6709\u5f53\u524d\u9650\u989d\r\n-c core \u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6700\u5927\u503c\r\n-d \u8fdb\u7a0b\u6570\u636e\u6bb5\u7684\u6700\u5927\u503c\r\n-f shell \u521b\u5efa\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6700\u5927\u503c\r\n-l \u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u9501\u5b9a\u7684\u6700\u5927\u503c\r\n-m \u5e38\u9a7b\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u6700\u5927\u503c\r\n-n \u6253\u5f00\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u6700\u5927\u4e2a\u6570 (\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u503c)\r\n-p \u7ba1\u9053\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u4ee5 512 \u5b57\u8282\u7684\u5757\u4e3a\u5355\u4f4d (\u8fd9\u4e2a\u503c\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bbe\u7f6e)\r\n-s \u6808\u7684\u6700\u5927\u503c\r\n-t cpu \u65f6\u95f4\u603b\u6570\u7684\u6700\u5927\u503c\uff0c\u4ee5\u79d2\u8ba1\r\n-u \u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u6700\u5927\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6570\r\n-v shell \u53ef\u7528\u7684\u865a\u62df\u5185\u5b58\u603b\u91cf\u7684\u6700\u5927\u503c\r\n\u5982\u679c\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86 limit\uff0c \u5b83\u5c06\u662f\u6307\u5b9a\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u65b0\u9650\u989d (\u9009\u9879 -a \u53ea\u663e\u793a\u5b83\u4eec)\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed9\u51fa\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u5219\u5047\u8bbe\u6709 -f\u3002 \u503c\u7684\u9012\u589e\u95f4\u9694\u662f 1024 \u5b57\u8282\uff0c\u9664\u4e86 -t \u5355\u4f4d\u662f \u79d2\uff0c -p \u5355\u4f4d\u662f 512 \u5b57\u8282\u7684\u5757\u4e2a\u6570\uff0c\r\n-n \u548c -u \u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u8c03\u8282\u7684\u503c\u3002\u8fd4\u56de 0\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u975e\u6cd5\u7684\u9009\u9879\u6216\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5728\u8bbe\u7f6e\u65b0\u7684\u9650\u989d\u65f6\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u9519\u8bef\u3002\r\numask [-p] [-S] [mode]\r\n\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u63a9\u7801\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a mode. \u5982\u679c mode \u4ee5\u6570\u5b57\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5b83\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u516b\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\uff1b\u5426\u5219\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e chmod(1) \u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u63a9\u7801\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86 mode\uff0c\r\n\u5c06\u6253\u5370\u5f53\u524d\u63a9\u7801\u503c\u3002\u9009\u9879 -S \u4f7f\u5f97\u63a9\u7801\u4ee5\u7b26\u53f7\u5f62\u5f0f\u6253\u5370\uff1b\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8f93\u51fa\u662f\u516b\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86 -p \u9009\u9879\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86 mode\uff0c \u8f93\u51fa\u5c06\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u7528\u4e3a\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u662f\r\n0\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6210\u529f\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed9\u51fa mode\u3002 \u5176\u4ed6\u60c5\u51b5\u8fd4\u56de\u5047\u3002\r\nunalias [-a] [name ...]\r\n\u4ece\u5df2\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u522b\u540d\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u5220\u9664 name\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86 -a \u5c06\u5220\u9664\u6240\u6709\u522b\u540d\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u662f\u771f\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u7ed9\u51fa\u7684 name \u4e0d\u662f\u5df2\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u522b\u540d\u3002\r\nunset [-fv] [name ...]\r\n\u5c06\u6bcf\u4e2a name \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u6216\u51fd\u6570\u5220\u9664\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed9\u51fa\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86 -v \u9009\u9879\uff0c name \u4ec5\u5305\u62ec shell \u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u53ea\u8bfb\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u53d6\u6d88\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86 -f \u9009\u9879\uff0c name \u4ec5\u5305\u62ec shell\r\n\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u5c06\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u88ab\u53d6\u6d88\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u6216\u51fd\u6570\u90fd\u88ab\u4ece\u540e\u7eed\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u3002 \u5982\u679c RANDOM, SECONDS, LINENO, HISTCMD, FUNCNAME, GROUPS, \u6216\u8005 DIRSTACK\r\n\u4e2d\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u88ab\u53d6\u6d88\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5c06\u4e27\u5931\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5b83\u4eec\u540e\u6765\u88ab\u91cd\u65b0\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002 \u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001\u662f\u771f\uff0c\u9664\u975e name \u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u6216\u662f\u53ea\u8bfb\u7684\u3002\r\nwait [n]\r\n\u7b49\u5f85\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5b83\u7684\u7ec8\u6b62\u72b6\u6001\u3002 n \u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u8fdb\u7a0b ID \u6216\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f5c\u4e1a\u53f7\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u7ed9\u51fa\u7684\u662f\u4f5c\u4e1a\u53f7\uff0c\u5c06\u7b49\u5f85\u4f5c\u4e1a\u7684\u7ba1\u9053\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed9\u51fa n\uff0c\r\n\u5c06\u7b49\u5f85\u6240\u6709\u5f53\u524d\u5904\u4e8e\u6fc0\u6d3b\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u72b6\u6001\u662f 0\u3002\u5982\u679c n \u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6216\u4f5c\u4e1a\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u72b6\u6001\u662f 127\u3002\u5426\u5219\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u72b6\u6001\u662f\u6240\u7b49\u5f85\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6216\u4f5c\u4e1a\u7684\u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001\u3002\r\n\u53d7\u9650\u7684shell(RESTRICTED SHELL)\r\n\u5982\u679c bash \u4ee5 rbash \u540d\u79f0\u542f\u52a8\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86 -r \u9009\u9879\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5b83\u6210\u4e3a\u53d7\u9650\u7684 shell\u3002 \u53d7\u9650\u7684 shell \u4e00\u822c\u7528\u6765\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u6bd4\u6807\u51c6\u7684 shell \u53d7\u5230\u66f4\u591a\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u73af\u5883\u3002 \u5b83\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0e bash\r\n\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u4e0b\u5217\u884c\u4e3a\u662f\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u7684 (disallowed) \u6216\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8fd0\u884c\u7684 (not performed)\u3002\r\n\u00b7 \u4f7f\u7528 cd \u6765\u6539\u53d8\u8def\u5f84\uff1b\r\n\u00b7 \u8bbe\u7f6e\u6216\u53d6\u6d88 SHELL, PATH, ENV, \u6216 BASH_ENV \u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\uff1b\r\n\u00b7 \u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u4e2d\u5305\u542b \/ \uff1b\r\n\u00b7 \u6307\u5b9a\u5305\u542b \/ \u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9\u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4 . \u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff1b\r\n\u00b7 \u6307\u5b9a\u5305\u542b\u659c\u6760 (slash) \u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u4f5c\u4e3a -p \u9009\u9879\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9 hash \u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4\uff1b\r\n\u00b7 \u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u4ece shell \u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u5bfc\u5165 (import) \u51fd\u6570\u5b9a\u4e49\uff1b\r\n\u00b7 \u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u89e3\u91ca shell \u73af\u5883\u4e2d SHELLOPTS \u7684\u503c\uff1b\r\n\u00b7 \u4f7f\u7528 &gt;, &gt;|, &lt;&gt;, &gt;&amp;, &amp;&gt;, \u548c &gt;&gt; \u7b49\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u8f93\u51fa\uff1b\r\n\u00b7 \u4f7f\u7528 exec \u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u4ee5\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u66ff\u6362 shell\uff1b\r\n\u00b7 \u4f7f\u7528 enable \u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4\u7684 -f \u548c -d \u9009\u9879\u6765\u589e\u52a0\u548c\u5220\u9664\u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4\uff1b\r\n\u00b7 \u4f7f\u7528 enable \u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u5141\u8bb8\u548c\u7981\u6b62 shell \u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4\uff1b\r\n\u00b7 \u6307\u5b9a command \u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4\u7684 -p \u9009\u9879\uff1b\r\n\u00b7 \u4f7f\u7528 set +r \u6216 set +o restricted \u6765\u5173\u95ed\u53d7\u9650\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\r\n\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9650\u5236\u5728\u6240\u6709\u542f\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\u8bfb\u53d6\u4e4b\u540e\u624d\u4f1a\u751f\u6548\u3002\r\n\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a shell \u811a\u672c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u65f6 (\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0a\u9762\u7684 \u547d\u4ee4\u6267\u884c(COMMAND EXECUTION) \u7ae0\u8282)\uff0c rbash \u5173\u95ed\u4e3a\u6267\u884c\u811a\u672c\u800c\u5b75\u5316 (spawn) \u7684 shell \u7684\u6240\u6709\u9650\u5236\u3002\r\n\u53c2\u89c1(\"SEE ALSO\")\r\nBash Reference Manual, Brian Fox and Chet Ramey\r\nThe Gnu Readline Library, Brian Fox and Chet Ramey\r\nThe Gnu History Library, Brian Fox and Chet Ramey\r\nPortable Operating System Interface (POSIX) Part 2: Shell and Utilities, IEEE\r\nsh(1), ksh(1), csh(1)\r\nemacs(1), vi(1)\r\nreadline(3)\r\n\u6587\u4ef6(FILES)\r\n\/bin\/bash\r\nbash \u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\r\n\/etc\/profile\r\n\u7cfb\u7edf\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u767b\u5f55 shell \u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u5b83\r\n~\/.bash_profile\r\n\u4e2a\u4eba\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u767b\u5f55 shell \u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u5b83\r\n~\/.bashrc\r\n\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f shell \u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u6267\u884c\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\r\n~\/.bash_logout\r\n\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u767b\u5f55 shell \u6e05\u7406\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u767b\u5f55 shell \u9000\u51fa\u65f6\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u5b83\r\n~\/.inputrc\r\n\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684 readline \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6587\u4ef6\r\n\u4f5c\u8005(AUTHORS)\r\nBrian Fox, Free Software Foundation\r\nbfox@gnu.org\r\nChet Ramey, Case Western Reserve University\r\nchet@ins.CWRU.Edu\r\n\u62a5\u544aBUGS (BUG REPORTS)\r\n\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u53d1\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a bash \u4e2d\u7684 bug\uff0c\u4f60\u5e94\u5f53\u62a5\u544a\u5b83\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u9996\u5148\uff0c \u4f60\u5e94\u5f53\u786e\u5b9a\u5b83\u771f\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a bug\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5b83\u5728\u4f60\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u7248\u672c\u7684 bash \u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u3002\r\n\u4e00\u65e6\u4f60\u8ba4\u5b9a\u5b58\u5728\u90a3\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a bug\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 bashbug \u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u63d0\u4ea4\u4e00\u4e2a\u9519\u8bef\u62a5\u544a\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u4f60\u6709\u56fa\u5b9a\u4f4f\u5740\uff0c\u9f13\u52b1\u4f60\u7528\u90ae\u653f\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u63d0\u4ea4\u4e00\u4efd\uff01 \u5efa\u8bae\u548c\u6709\u5173 bash \u201c\u54f2\u5b66\u201d (`philosophical') \u7684 \u201c\u9519\u8bef\u62a5\u544a\u201d \u53ef\u4ee5\u5bc4\u7ed9\r\nbug-bash@gnu.org \u6216\u8005\u8d34\u5230 Usenet \u65b0\u95fb\u7ec4 gnu.bash.bug \u4e4b\u4e0a\u3002\r\n\u6240\u6709\u9519\u8bef\u62a5\u544a\u5e94\u5f53\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\r\nbash \u7684\u7248\u672c\u53f7\r\n\u786c\u4ef6\u4fe1\u606f\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\r\n\u7528\u6765\u7f16\u8bd1\u7684\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\r\n\u5bf9 bug \u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\r\n\u53ef\u4ee5\u6fc0\u6d3b\u8fd9\u4e2a bug \u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u77ed\u5c0f\u7684\u811a\u672c\u6216\u8005\u4ec0\u4e48 \u201c\u79d8\u8bc0\u201d (recipe)\r\nbashbug \u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u5728\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u62a5\u544a\u6a21\u677f\u4e2d\u63d2\u5165\u524d\u4e09\u9879\u3002\r\n\u5173\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4efd\u624b\u518c\u9875\u7684\u8bc4\u8bba\u548c\u9519\u8bef\u62a5\u544a\u8bf7\u76f4\u63a5\u63d0\u4ea4\u5230 chet@ins.CWRU.Edu.\r\nBUGS\r\n\u5b83\u592a\u5927\u4e86\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6709\u70b9\u6162\u3002\r\nbash \u548c\u4f20\u7edf\u7248\u672c\u7684 sh \u4e4b\u95f4\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u7ec6\u5fae\u7684\u5dee\u522b\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a POSIX \u89c4\u7ea6\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u3002\r\n\u522b\u540d\u673a\u5236\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\u4f1a\u6df7\u6dc6\u3002\r\nShell \u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4\u548c\u51fd\u6570\u4e0d\u53ef\u7ec8\u6b62\/\u91cd\u65b0\u5f00\u59cb\u3002\r\n\u7ec4\u5408\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u548c\u4f7f\u7528 `a ; b ; c' \u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u5e8f\u5217\u5728\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8bd5\u56fe\u6682\u505c\u65f6\u4e0d\u80fd\u5f88\u597d\u5904\u7406\u3002 \u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6b62\uff0cshell \u4f1a\u7acb\u5373\u6267\u884c\u5e8f\u5217\u4e2d\u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u3002 \u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\u653e\u5728\u5706\u62ec\u53f7\u4e2d\uff0c\u6765\u5f3a\u5236\u542f\u52a8\u5b50\r\nshell\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u5143\u4e2d\u6b62\u4e86\u3002\r\n\u5728 $(...) \u547d\u4ee4\u66ff\u6362\u4e2d\u7684\u6ce8\u91ca\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u6267\u884c\u66ff\u6362\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u3002 \u8fd9\u5c06\u5ef6\u8fdf\u62a5\u9519\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u547d\u4ee4\u5f00\u59cb\u6267\u884c\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\r\n\u6570\u7ec4\u53d8\u91cf\u8fd8\u4e0d\u80fd\u5bfc\u51fa (export)\u3002\r\n[\u4e2d\u6587\u7248\u7ef4\u62a4\u4eba]\r\n\u8881\u4e59\u94a7 &lt;bbbush@163.com&gt;\r\n[\u4e2d\u6587\u7248\u6700\u65b0\u66f4\u65b0]\r\n2004.03.05\r\n\u300a\u4e2d\u56fdlinux\u8bba\u575bman\u624b\u518c\u9875\u7ffb\u8bd1\u8ba1\u5212\u300b:\r\nhttp:\/\/cmpp.linuxforum.net\r\nGNU Bash-2.05b 2002 July 15<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u8f6c\u8f7d\u8bf7\u6ce8\u660e\uff1a<a href=\"https:\/\/www.liutianfeng.com\">liutianfeng.com<\/a> &raquo; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.liutianfeng.com\/?p=743\">bash\u4e2d\u6587\u5e2e\u52a9 | Man for bash zh_CN<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>BASH(1) General Commands Manual BASH(1) NAME bash &#8211; GNU [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.liutianfeng.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/743"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.liutianfeng.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.liutianfeng.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.liutianfeng.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.liutianfeng.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=743"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.liutianfeng.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/743\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":770,"href":"https:\/\/www.liutianfeng.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/743\/revisions\/770"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.liutianfeng.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=743"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.liutianfeng.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=743"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.liutianfeng.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=743"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}